高三英語閲讀指導與基礎訓練

一、談談閲讀理解

閲讀是大學聯考的重點和難點。閲讀理解在大學聯考試卷中佔分40分，如果加上完型填空題（有人稱之為缺詞閲讀）30分，那就是70分，佔了將近總分的一半。大學聯考之所以重視閲讀理解，是因為閲讀是一種比較高級的語言能力，它是獲取更綜合、更復雜、更精確信息的必要手段。閲讀能力也是做好其他題型，如聽力、單項填空、短文改錯和書面表達的基本因素。閲讀理解的考核是在語篇中進行的，也易於考查觀察、判斷、推理與綜合的能力。

閲讀理解題一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新聞報道、議論文和應用文（如廣告、產品説明、電報等）。五篇文章加上所問問題，總單詞量在2000個左右，要求在35分鐘內完成。閲讀速度平均為每分鐘60個詞。

　　做好閲讀理解題的'必備條件：

1、能迅速看準每一句的結構，找出主句的主語、謂語和賓語。

2、有一定的詞彙量和分辨詞義詞性的能力。

3、能靈活運動所學過的語法和詞彙知識，對影響意思理解的複合句、非謂語動詞短語、關聯詞語、後置定語、省略、替代和跳躍等語言現象做出正確判斷。

4、有良好的思維能力。會邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而做出正確的推理判斷，綜合概括，準確理解表面意思和深層含義。

5、會精讀，也會跳讀和略讀。

6、具有相當的閲讀實踐經驗和良好的語感。

7、對英美文化有一定了解。

在準備閲讀理解測試時，要明確閲讀的能力是靠大量閲讀的實踐練出來的。有志於提高閲讀水平的同學，應該每天堅持讀三四篇文章，日積月累，才能逐步提高閲讀水平。讀的時候要注意精讀與泛讀相結合。精讀的文章力求弄懂每一句話，每一個詞，必要時要請教老師，翻查詞典。泛讀的文章，一般是難度較小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些詞甚至句子不懂也沒關係，儘量不查詞典，這樣可以保證一定的速度和量。泛讀對培養語感，提高速度有很大好處。可惜有同學不重視泛讀，以為閲讀就是逐字讀，這其實是片面的。

二、練習與解析

In 1901, H. G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explores（探險者）landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the “moon people” they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise.“Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”

H. G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969. human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.

Under ground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Chunnel”,a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France, is now complete.

But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities.”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome（太陽能穹頂）would cover the whole city.

Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’“moon people” would agree. Would you?

1. The explorers in H. G. Wells’story were surprised to find that the “moon people”________.

A. knew so much about the earth

B. understood their language

C. live in so many underground cities

D. were ahead of them in space technology

2. What does the underlined word “it” (Paragraph 2) refer to?

A. Discovering the moon’s inner space.

B. Using the earth’s inner space.

C. Meeting the“moon people”again.

D. Traveling to outer space.

3. What sort of underground systems are already here with us?

A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.

B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.

C. Gardens, car parks, power stations.

D. Tunnels, gardens, offices.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Alice Cities—cities of the future

B. Space travel with H. G. Wells

C. Enjoy living underground

D. Building down, not up

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D

1. 解答本題時，可從開頭段中the explorers登上月球后的發現找出線索：… they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities，也就是本題題干與選項C結合而成的説法：The explorers… to find that the “moon people” lived in so many underground cities。

2. 注意此句重心在後，強調的是：… you don’t even use your inner space，也即選項B所説的Using the earth’s inner space。

3. 通過跳讀迅速將探索範圍縮小到第3段，其主題句即為Under ground systems are already in place，然後列出這些systems的名稱：car parks, large underground shopping areas, a tunnel。

4. 短文開頭explorers與moon people之間的對話中即已點明use inner space，也就是build down這一主題；結尾段中則更為明確地將全文主題(underground development)解釋為building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space,，由此可以確定本題答案為D。