測控專業英語課文翻譯
《測控專業英語》從測控技術與儀器專業的角度，選編了關於機械、電子、測量、控制及計算機等方面的英文資料，基本上覆蓋了和測控技術與儀器相關的各個領域。《以下是小編整理的測控專業英語課文翻譯，歡迎閲讀。
當然，有應用的個人電腦的所有者可能想比僅通過GPIB與各種設備的奇數，提供更高的性能。這種系統通常稱為基於PC的工作站。在基於PC的工作站，儀器模塊匹配性能和兼容性都聚集圍繞PC電腦。基於PC的工作站允許來自多台儀器的數據迅速聚集，存儲，作圖，分析，並納入一台PC機上的報告形式。這種類型的系統一般都放在一個製造商合作，以提高性能和涉及的儀器模塊之間的合作。
There are, of course, applications for which the owner of a PC may want higher performance than that offered by the GPIB alone, with its odd assortment of devices. Such systems are generally referred to as PC-based workstations. In a PC-based workstation, instrument modules with matched performance and compatibility are clustered around a PC computer. The PC-based workstation allows data from multiple instruments to be rapidly gathered ,stored, graphed ,analyzed, and incorporated into report form on a single PC. Systems of this type are generally put together by one manufacturer to enhance performance and cooperation between the instrument modules involved.
一個基於PC的工作站的一個例子是惠普推出的PC儀器系統。 PC儀器是一系列的九個專用儀器模塊，旨在通過一個專門的接口總線操作惠普觸摸屏II個人電腦，IBM PC / XT / AT，AT＆T的電腦6300，或的HP Vectra PC。在PC的儀器提供儀器模塊是一個50 MHz的數字示波器，一個12位數字 - 模擬轉換器雙通道，100 MHz的通用計數器，5 MHz的函數發生器，數字萬用表。
An example of a PC-based workstation is the PC Instruments system introduced by Hewlett-Packard. PC Instruments are a series of nine dedicated instrument modules designed to operate over a dedicated interface bus by an HP Touchscreen II personal computer ,an IBM PC/XT/AT, an AT&T PC 6300, or an HP Vectra PC. Among the instrument modules available for PC Instruments are a 50-MHz digitizing oscilloscope, a 12-bit dual-channel digital-to-analog converter, a 100-MHz universal counter, a 5-MHz function generator, and a digital multimeter.
從儀器模塊收集的測試數據直接送入電腦存儲，顯示和分析。該儀器模塊本身有沒有米，或顯示自己的。所有輸出，包括波形顯示，通過電腦屏幕上，可同時顯示多達八個不同的儀器輸出。
Test data gathered from the instrument modules are fed directly to the PC for storage, display, and analysis. The instrument modules themselves have no meters or displays of their own. All outputs, including waveform displays, are through the PC screen, and up to eight different instrument outputs may be displayed simultaneously.
PC儀器通信與PC通過PC的儀器總線，或PCIB。 PCIB實現一個單一的接口卡插入到PC主板的擴展槽。每個PCIB接口卡支持多達8個儀器模塊。安裝到計算機中的第二個PCIB，允許為8個額外的儀器模塊的支持。
PC Instruments communicates with the PC via the PC Instruments Bus, or PCIB. PCIB is implemented with a single interface card that plugs into one expansion slot of the PC motherboard. Each PCIB interface card supports up to eight instrument modules. Installing a second PCIB into the computer permits support for an eight additional instrument modules.
PCIB是獨一無二的，它支持並行和串行通信（圖1）。乍一看，兩個通信信道，在一個單一的總線系統的想法似乎是多餘的。然而，仔細分析，是實現節約成本和減少宂餘。
The PCIB is unique in that it supports both parallel and serial communications (Figure 1). At first glance, the idea of having two communications channels in a single bus system appears to be redundant. On closer analysis, however, a cost saving is realized and the redundancy is reduced.
在一個典型的GPIB系統，有需要的輸入和/或輸出接地和計算機隔離，以使可浮動測量的儀器，如電壓和電流米。隔離通常是providedby光隔離器的GPIB通信儀器中的數據串行方式使用並行到串行的轉換。從儀器的數據，也必須通過使用光隔離串行到並行的轉換器傳遞到GPIB。因此，每一個設備，需要隔離，還需要自己的一雙光隔離器和相應的轉換器。
In a typical GPIB system there are instruments, such as voltage and current meters, that require the inputs and/or outputs to be isolated from earth ground and the computer so that floating measurements can be made. The isolation is typically provided by optoisolators communicating the data from the GPIB side to the instrument in serial fashion using a parallel-to-serial converter. Data coming from the instrument likewise must pass to the GPIB through an optoisolator using a serial-to-parallel converter. Consequently, every device that requires isolation also requires its own pair of optical isolators and respective converters.
在PC儀器，測試儀器，可以選擇之間的隔離的串行通信通道或更快，非隔離總線並
行通信。串行通道的並行到串行和串行到並行轉換器被放置在接口卡，從而降低了系統成本，同時提高性能。
In PC Instruments, the test instrument may choose between an isolated serial communications channel or the faster, nonisolated parallel communications bus. The parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel converters for the serial channel are placed on the interface card ,thus reducing system cost while improving performance.
PCIB並行通信通道（圖2）提供高速數據路徑為文書，並不需要隔離。數據可傳輸速率最高可達100K字節/秒，受個人電腦主機的限制。並行通信通道包含一個8位數據路徑，兩條控制線，與相應的地面回報，是26芯的帶狀電纜連接個人電腦主機的模塊化儀器的一部分。PCIB並行通信通道是向上兼容的GPIB，PC儀器最通用的系統。
The PCIB parallel communications channel (Figure 2) offers a high-speed data path for instruments that do not need isolation. Data can be transmitted at rates up to 100K bytes/second, subject to limitations of the host personal computer. The parallel communications channel consists of an 8-bit data path, two control lines, with appropriate ground returns, are part of the 26-conductor ribbon cable that connects the host personal computer to the modular instruments. The PCIB parallel communications channel is also upwardly compatible the GPIB, making PC Instruments a most versatile system.
PC儀器的最令人印象深刻的的方面之一是軟前面板的系統軟件，它提供了一個交互式圖形用户手動控制儀器的機制。控制面板也可以直接調用eithej - DOS，BASIC，或任何其他語言，產生正確的反應，因此，貸款使用定製軟件程序的計算機自動測試系統。
One of the most impressive aspects of PC Instruments is the soft front-panel system software, which provides an interactive graphics mechanism for the user to control instruments manually. The control panel can also be invoked directly from eithej- DOS, BASIC, or any other language that produces the correct response, thus lending the system to computer automated testing using customized software routines.
前面板軟件模擬傳統樂器堆放台式，允許用户同時觀看所有的控制模塊。它是一件簡單的事TD選擇一個新的儀器，利用簡單的觸摸屏，鼠標或鍵盤輸入。
The front-panel software emulates a benchtop stacked with traditional instruments,allowing the user to control one module while viewing them all. It is a simple matter tdselect a new instrument using simple touch-screen, mouse, or keyboard inputs.
為每個已安裝的儀器模塊的軟件是包含在所有時間內的主機電腦。每個測試模塊的性能進行了優化個人表現及互動合作。數字示波器軟件，例如，在當前的PC儀器行是最複雜的，是代表什麼系統能夠做到的事情。數字示波器]軟件包分成五大功能：硬件設置，數據採集和顯示，用户界面，測量，並計劃控制。
The software for each installed instrument module is contained within the host computer at all times. The performance of each test module has been optimized for both individual performance and interactive cooperation. The software for the digitizing oscilloscope，for example, is the most complex in the current PC Instruments line, and is representative of what the system is capable of doing. The digitizing oscilloscope] software package is broken into five major functions： hardware setup, data acquisition and display, user interface，measurements, and program control.
硬件設置設置縱向和橫向的敏感性，延遲timip耦合輸入，採集模式，並觸發配置示波器模量被調用時，安裝説明在PCIB發送執行示波器modufl。
The hardware setup sets the vertical and horizontal sensitivities，delay timip coupling input，acquisition mode，and trigger configuration for the oscilloscope moduli When invoked，the setup instructions are sent over the PCIB to the oscilloscope modufl for execution.
數據採集包括以下測量過程，從示波器模塊讀取一個251字節的數據字符串。根據上述過程中所描述的硬件設置縮放的數據。用户使用前面板的圖形，每個屏幕上的`設置可能會被修改。因此，在數據顯示的變化可飛。
Data acquisition consists of reading a 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module following a measurement procedure. The data is scaled according to the hardware settings described in the procedure above. The settings may be modified by the user using the front-panel graphics that are available on every screen. Consequently, change in the display of the data can be made on the fly.
測量包包括控制電壓和時間標記和自動參數測量上升時間，下降時間的波形分析?時期，頻率，脈衝寬度，過沖，前衝，峯 - 峯值電壓。這些測量的基礎上的251字節的數據從示波器模塊的字符串使用直方圖來確定的絕對和相對maximum9 minitnum，和個百分點，以及上升沿和下降沿的位置，統計分析。因為統計學的數據顯示，而不是身體，它也受到tosoftware處理在大致相同的方式，信號處理與RC Flectronics是IS - 16 COMPUTERSCOPE在本章開頭所述。
The measurement package includes control of voltage and time markers and waveform analysis for automatic parametric measurements of rise time，fall time? period, frequency, pulse width, overshoot, preshoot，and peak-to-peak voltage. These measurements are based on a statistical analysis of the 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module, using a histogram to determine the absolute and relative maximum9 minitnum, and percentage points, as well as the location of rising and falling edges. Because the data is displayed statistically，not physically，it is also subject tosoftware processing in much the same way that signal processing was done with the R C Flectronics IS-16 COMPUTERSCOPE described at the beginning of this chapter.
個人電腦工具軟件還允許通過電腦儀器之間的數據交換。例如，在示波器顯示屏上看到的變化，可以調整使用軟件的反饋循環，函數發生器，繼電器執行器等，一個應用程序可能預期隨頻率變化。通過監測被測設備的輸出電壓，使用示波器，可自動補償信號波動的數據字符串和軟件處理，函數發生器的輸出電平調整。
The PC Instruments software also allows for data exchange between instruments via the computer. For example，changes seen on the oscilloscope display can be adjusted using software feedback loops to the function generator, relay actuator, etc. One application may be expected to vary with frequency. By monitoring the output voltage of the device under test, using the oscilloscope，s data string and software processing, adjustment to the output level of the function generator can be made to automatically compensate for signal fluctuations
基於PC的工作站，不論是作為一個像惠普PC從GPIB元件組裝的儀器系統購買，也非常適用於自動化測試環境。自動測試系統，自動測試設備（ATE）組裝，計算機與數字控制的激勵和測量儀器接口
The PC-based workstation，whether purchased as a system like the Hewlett-Packard PC Instruments of assembled from GPIB components, also lends itself well to automated testing environments. Automated testing systems，assembled from automatic test equipment (ATE), are a result of the computer being interfaced with digitally controlled stimulus and measurement instrumentation.
ATE正在迅速取代台式設置，手動控制，使測量的儀器。一旦啟動，ATE可以繼續在沒有外界干預其運作，可以在幾秒鐘內數以千計的參數測試。 ATE的記錄測試數據時，不犯錯誤，不妥協的測試，不會忘記測試，不累。因此，ATE極大地提高了吞吐量和測量精度。它甚至可以糾正自己的錯誤，其測量結果比較已知的標準和補償的區別。
ATE is quickly replacing the benchtop setups of instrumentation that were manually controlled to make measurements. Once started, ATE can continue its operation with no outside intervention and can test thousands of parameters in seconds. ATE does not make mistakes when recording test data, does not compromise a test， does not forget tests, and does not get tired. Consequently, ATE dramatically improves throughput and measurement accuracy. It can even correct its own errors by comparing its measurement results to a known standard and compensating for the difference.
可分為三大類：台式，專用，通用ATE測試系統。生產半導體和大型電子系統，專用自動測試設備是必要的，儘管沉重，投資。但是，成千上萬的小系統和子系統製造商，成本更低的台式PC為基礎的工作站是更好的解決方案。
ATE test system may be divided into three classes：benchtop, dedicated, and general-purpose. For manufactures of semiconductors and large electronics systems, dedicated automatic test equipment is a necessary, albeit hefty, investment. But for thousands of small systems and subsystems manufacturers, the less costly benchtop PC-based workstation is the better solution.
靈活的ATE系統通常由加入由IEEE - 488或RS - 232總線，以紓緩的不兼容問題，可以發生在來自不同供應商的連接部分的現成文書。這種方法的主要優點是，它可以很容易地為多種測試應用程序重新配置，只需更換一個另一台儀器。
A flexible ATE system usually consists of off-the-shelf instruments joined by an IEEE-488 or RS-232 bus to relieve the incompatibility problem that can occur in linking parts from different vendors. A major advantage of this approach is that it can easily be reconfigured for a variety of test applications by simply swapping one instrument for another.
靈活的ATE測試中，是沒有操作員干預的應用一般是完全可編程。儘管如此，其成分也應該允許操作員干預或手動操作時的情況使然。例如，手動操作時，儀器具有功能關閉行輕微的測試任務，為維護或故障排除目的，或系統測試軟件的編寫和調試是可取的。
Flexible ATE is generally fully programmable for applications in which testing is to be done with no operator intervention. Nonetheless，its components should also allow for operator intervention or manual operation when the situation so dictates. For example，manual operation is desirable when an instrument has to function off-line for maintenance or troubleshooting purposes, for minor testing tasks, or for writing and debugging the system test software.
到ATE的一個缺點是在編寫軟件所產生的費用。因為編寫軟件可配置ATE系統時，最大的單一任務，必須謹慎，在選擇編程語言和程序結構。有人估計，軟件開發成本可以運行系統成本的90％。一般而言，ATE系統將耗資4至7倍多相當於手動工具。
A drawback to ATE is the expense incurred in writing the software. Because writing software can be the largest single task when configuring an ATE system, care must be exercised in the programming language selected and the structuring of the program. In some estimates, the cost of software development can run 90 percent of the cost of the system. Generally, an ATE system will cost four to seven times more than equivalent manual instrument.
