高中英語介詞短語複習

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介詞不能單獨在句子當中擔當成分,它後面必須接名詞、代詞或相當於名詞的其他詞類搭配(介詞+賓語)構成介詞短語;和動詞搭配構成短語動詞,然後才能夠在句子當中充當成分。下面是小編為你帶來的高中英語介詞短語複習 ,歡迎閲讀

高中英語介詞短語複習

1介詞的搭配與選擇

介詞不能在句子中獨立充當一個成分,而需要與其後面的賓語相結合,成為介詞短語,在句中充當一個成分。所以選用什麼介詞要根據其後面所接的賓語而定。但是,有時介詞也受其前面用詞的限制,因此,許多情況下也應根據介詞前面的詞選用相應的介詞。

2介詞的語*功能

介詞與其他詞類或成分結合後方能在句子中充當語法成分,構成介詞短語。介詞短語可以作定語(須後置)、狀語、表語、賓語補足語等。例如:

The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel. (定語)

They play football in spite of the rain. (狀語)

The decision is of great importance to me. (表語)

They found the machine in a bad state. (賓語補足語)

3介詞的分類

英語常用的介詞大致可分為四類:

1) 簡單介詞

顧名思義,簡單介詞是指由一個單詞構成的介詞,也是使用最頻繁的一類介詞,常用的有:at,about,above,across,after,among,against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past,round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。

2) 合成介詞

指由介詞+其他介詞或副詞構成的介詞,常用的合成介詞有:inside,into,onto,outside,throughout,within,without等。

3) 二重介詞

指由兩個單一的介詞並列在一起,作為一個介詞使用並表達一個完整意思的介詞,常見的`二重介詞有:from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。

4) 短語介詞

短語介詞是指由短語構成的介詞,常用的有:according to,because of,in spite of,on behalf of,with reference to等。短語介詞與介詞短語不同。短語介詞是由短語構成的介詞,不可獨立使用,本身不能作句子成分,後面要跟名詞、動名詞或代詞等;介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構成,本身可作句子成分,如定語或狀語等,可單獨使用。

4介詞的賓語

介詞的賓語可以是名詞、代詞或動名詞等。例如:

名詞:The car ran into a wall, and two men were killed.

代詞:Wherever he went, he carried the photo with him.

形容詞:Your plan is far from perfect.

副詞:I can’t see the tower clearly from here.

動名詞:He entered the room without taking off his hat.

5介詞短語的句*功能

1. 作定語 The key to the door is missing.

2. 作表語 As we know, Japan is to the east of China.

3. 作狀語

1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (時間狀語)

2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地點狀語)

3) All the work must be done by hand. (方式狀語)

6with的複合結構

1) with+賓語+形容詞

He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

2) with+賓語+分詞

The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

3) with+賓語+不定式

With so much homework to do, I can’t go to the party.

4) with+賓語+介詞短語

The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

7介詞的固定搭配

在英語中固定搭配的介詞詞組和短語介詞很多,平時需要加強記憶。此處講解幾個常見的動詞與介詞的固定搭配。

1. act as 擔任 act for 代理

2. apply to 應用於,適合於,向……申請 apply for 申請,要求

3. belong to 屬於 belong with 應歸於(類別,範疇等)

4. call on 號召,請求,拜訪 call at 探訪(at後接地方)

call in 請醫生,召集,收集

5. compare with 跟……相比較 compare to 把……比作,與……相比

6. deal in 買賣(某一產品),經營 deal with 對付,解決

7. play with 玩(某物) play at玩(某種遊戲)

8. wait on 伺候 wait for等待

8誤區提醒

1. 一些介詞的基本用法不清;2. 一些多義介詞的用法弄混;3. 一些介詞短語不會靈活運用。

【典型例題】

1. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

A. in B. at C. for D. to

解析:for everyone’s enjoyment意為“為了大家欣賞”,for在此處為基本用法,但受to one’s joy的影響錯選成to。正確答案為C。

2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

解析:next to挨着;far from遠非;out of 出於;due to 因為。根據句意,空格處是要表達“但還很不理想”的意思。故正確答案為B。

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