17年17日托福考試答案解析

在這次2017年9月17日的閲讀中，又出現了怎樣的題目呢?下面是本站小編整理的17日托福考試答案解析，希望對你有幫助。

托福考試閲讀部分約為60分鐘，包括3篇文章，每篇650至750個單詞，每篇對應11至13道試題。題目類型包括：圖表題，篇章總結題，變換措辭題，詞彙題，指代關係題，簡化句子題，插入文本題，事實信息題，推斷題，修辭目的題以及否定排除題。在完成答題的過程中，考生可以使用“複查”功能瞬間找出沒有回答的題目，而不必每道題都過一遍。閲讀部分的總分是42至45分。

1.14世紀歐洲經濟的衰退：

Economic Decline in Europe During the Fourteenth Century重複2017.03.11，2015.11.08，2014.11.23，2014.04.27

有幾個理由:與東方經濟交往的切斷、種植手段欠缺食物短缺、天氣影響收成等。

2.水的温度分層造成的影響

Thermal Stratification重複2015.05.30

mpts at Determining Earth’s Age：

重複2015.08.22，2014-03-01，2014-09-21

4.美國高速公路:

The United States Interstate Highway System重複2017.05.13，2017.03.04，2016.09.25和2016.06.04

説的是一個美國山區的特殊道路,先前一些學家認為是交通道路。後來一個學者説,這些道路是一些特殊 ritual spirit的體現,因為很多道路都是斷頭路,並不能通到哪去。

5.温室效應:

温室效應不僅變熱,還讓海水酸化。這個酸化會給海洋生物帶來很多影響。都是負面的。例如會融化貝殼的外殼。然後越冷的2009水溶的酸越多,一種現象會加劇酸化。

6.宇宙形成的兩種學説:

The Controversy over the Cosmic Hypothesis重複2016.11.12(本年度新題)大爆炸學説和恆定學説。一種説宇宙是爆炸形成的,一種説宇宙整體的組成是恆定不變的。

7.自然選擇

Constraints on Natural Selection重複2016.09.03，2014.06.15

8.地下水

Underground Water重複2017.04.23(本年度新題)

9.北美早期農業發展

Farming New England in Colonial Times重複2017.07.15下午場，2016.03.13和2015.08.30

s of Locomotion重複2017.03.04，2014.12.06和2013.09.14

11.18世紀歐洲飲食的變化(新題)

12.閲讀加試：恐龍滅絕

13.加試新題，蜥蜴如何改變膚色和行為來控制體温，或是生物鐘biological rhythms

14.加試新題，某種蛇的'生態入侵，或冰川撤退大陸架顯露對海岸地區造成的影響，或温室效應帶來的影響(如海水變熱，融化貝殼等)與動物的體温管理二選一

➤ Writing 1綜合

Nacza Lines為什麼形成的三種理論：

1.用來記錄星象變化，因為有些圖案像天上的星星。

但教授反駁還有無數的圖案根本不能match到天上的星星，而且僅有的那些像的圖案也只是巧合而已。

2. 一種表達文化的藝術形式，因為很壯觀。

教授反駁説在高處看確實很壯觀，但在平地看就not visible，根本不能識別，所以不可能是人為創作的藝術作品。

3. 是人們賽跑的軌道，因為有很多人的足跡。

教授反駁説這些足跡很複雜，還包含了動物的腳印，很難定位，而且不一定是用來賽跑的，可能是人們進行宗教儀式時留下來的。

如下是閲讀聽力原文

2016.6.25

綜合寫作

The straight lines and the central shape with straight line are “Nazca Lines”

The term “Nazca Lines” refer to a series of images created in the desert of Peru about 2,000 years ago. These images, many depicting geometric shapes, are extremely large with some covering several kilometers. Although researchers know how the Nazca Lines were created--the top layer of dark rocks were removed from the desert floor, exposing the lighter soil underneath--they remain uncertain why they were created. Several theories have been suggested to account for the presence of these lines.

One theory is that the Nazca Lines were used as an astronomical calendar for tracking events such as the winter solstice (the day with shortest number of daylight hours) that were important to agricultural peoples. This theory was supported by the discovery of an astronomical link between some of the images and various planets and stars. It was pointed out, for example, that on the day of the winter solstice, the Sun sets almost directly over a single long line drawn in the desert.

Another theory is that the Nazca images were created as a monumental art form expressing the Nazca people’s cultural and social importance in the region. Many ancient peoples built large monuments and artworks to demonstrate their power and celebrate their achievements. The Egyptians built massive pyramids, for example, and Easter Islanders curved massive human heads out of stone. It seems reasonable, therefore, to think that the Nazca images were built for similar reasons--to impress others.

A third theory focuses on the fact that there is evidence that people traveled by foot along the line. This has led to the speculation that the Nazca Lines represented sites of footraces in which individuals or groups of individuals competed for athletic victory. In this view, the Nazca images are ancient racetracks.

Listening

The three theories that you read give some very creative explanations for the Nazca Lines. But none holds up well unto the examination.

First, about the Nazca Lines as indicators of astronomic events. What the reading didn’t mention is that the vast majority of Nazca images don’t match up with anything observable in the sky. And for the few images they do, well, you know, there are hundreds of Nazca images and countless objects in the sky. Given these numbers, of course, a few line up. That would happen just by chance.

Second, the Nazca images as art. Well, it is certainly true that Nazca images are large, but they are impressive really only when seen from overhead, like in an airplane. When you’re simply standing on the ground next to one of these images, it is not impressive at all. The landscape is too flat and the images are too large to allow people on the ground to recognize them. This is very different from the pyramids and the Easter Island stones. They are not just large, they are tall. It is their great height them makes them visible and impressive.

Third, the idea that people were using the lines as racing tracks. Some of the images are in the shape of animals. There is a monkey, a hummingbird, a spider and so on. And these images are too complex to make good locations for foot race. Ok, so what could count for the evidence that foot traveled along the line? We can’t be sure of course, but we know that other prehistoric peoples in the region had religious rituals that involved walking along especially created pathways. It could be that Nazca line played a role in religious rituals or ceremonies that involved walking along the line.

➤ Writing 2

2017年9月17日獨立作文：

A lot of high school students now cheat in homework assignments, by asking other students for answers. Which of the following do you think is the most efficient way to stop?

-asking parents to help stop the students from cheating

-penalty or punishment to the students

-asking teacher to create homework assignment that cannot be easily cheated

今天的獨立寫作是久違了的三選一題目，ETS出的題目越來越接地氣，考察防止高中生作弊哪種方法最有效。這種題型的思路是選擇一個支持的説明理由，並解釋為什麼不支持其他兩個選項。

這道題假如選擇第三個，我們可以找到理由是老師可以佈置開放性的家庭作業，學生可以去圖書館查閲資料，整理形成presentation或者寫paper，這樣學生就不太容易作弊。

第一個選項--父母幫助孩子防止作弊—可能作用不太大，是因為有些家長本身受教育程度不高沒法進行有效的指導;甚至有的父母會為了孩子在學業中拿到比較高的成績會幫助孩子做作業，這就起不到防止作弊的效果。

第二個選項—處罰—也起不到作用是因為處罰過輕起不到震懾作用，處罰過重比如開除學籍可能會給學生帶來嚴重影響，甚至心理素質不好的學生會跳樓自殺等等。

Conversation1

女生説她不想定牛奶，但工作人員説在學校必須定。女生説她不能吃含wet的食物,問怎麼辦?工作人員説食堂有不含wet的,要2010她去問食堂的人。女生建議説用label標明含

不含wet,工作人員説有label紅色的就是不含的。

Lecture1

一個特殊的 theater以及它的發明者,與 realistic theater不一樣,這種劇一般反映現實問題,如全球變暖,但會用以前的例子,讓觀眾保持客觀。這個作者覺得看戲既是娛樂也是教育。

Lecture2

紫羅蘭的 reproduction兩種方法一個是昆蟲傳粉,一個是射種子紫羅蘭花期很長,會調整莖和花蕊,吸引不同時期的傳粉昆蟲。過了花期,會長另一種花,不會開但會發射種子,一般5米遠。教授還講了個例子,闡述這個發射種子力道很大。

Conversation2

教授問學生 group assignment做的怎麼樣,學生説沒做完。教授説可能有人偷懶然後舉了倆例子。學生説沒人偷懶。只是任務量不均勻。教授讓他少給自己分配點任務。

類似篇章：TPO4C2

Lecture3

地球科學將一種特殊的 Ice age兩種學説形成,它形成的時間特別短。

原題，同2016.8.27 Younger Dryas

Lecture4

美國曆史美國1940s的一次人口大遷移歐洲經濟衰落大量人湧入美國,導致一些州人太多。人們就往南部遷移,之前南部發展差所以人們都不樂意去。但後來因為紐約之類的城市人太多,南部也有了一些改善有工作機會,大家就都去南部了

原題，同2017.3.4

(美國移民歷史Background Info.)

1940s美國人移居美國南部

移民的主要原因有兩類，一類稱為push，即驅使移民離開自己所在地的原因;另一類稱為pull，即吸引移民來到新地區的原因。

例如，早起從歐洲移民來美國的人就是受到了這兩種原因的驅使。一方面，自己所在的國家貧窮，並且看不到希望;另一方面，美國充滿了機遇。同樣的邏輯不僅僅適用於國家之間的移民，也適用於國內移民。

例如二戰之後，美國繁榮發展，東部尤甚。眾多的人口讓很多有孩子或者準備要孩子的家庭感覺到東部太擁擠了，這就是push類原因。當時的南部地區雖然地廣人稀，而且氣候温暖，但是沒有足夠的基礎設施也沒有足夠的工作機會，因此南部對於人們的pull還不夠。

但是1940s之後，政府投資重金，在南部建立了水壩，發電廠等設施。政府還修築了城市與城市之間的道路，同時由於家家户户都能買得起車，於是原來美國難以交通的南部城市也變的容易通行。此外，空調的應用讓工作場所裏的員工都能享有很好的工作環境。

這時，南部的pull足夠了，土地便宜，工作機會又多，很多人開始往那裏移民。

Conversation3

學生想聽一個Prof的課，但是沒有報上，所以想請求Prof enroll。

Lecture5

土星大氣層和卡西尼衞星

(P.S.微博是個好東西，你值得擁有，15號卡西尼衞星剛剛與土星相撞)