大學英語的寫作技巧
技巧：名詞，指表現在文學、工藝、體育等方面的巧妙的技能。小編整理的大學英語的寫作技巧，希望大家喜歡哦!
一、記敍文的定義
記敍文也稱敍述文，是一種以敍述的手法來呈現人物活動及事件過程的體裁。故事、遊記、通訊、新聞報道(消息)、歷史、 人物傳記、日記和回憶錄等都屬於記敍文的範疇。記敍文大致可以分為以記人為主的記敍文和以敍事為主的記敍文。前者主要是對人物的經歷、活動或者性格特徵進行敍述;後者則是對某一事件的發生、發展過程和結果進行敍述。
二、記敍文的六大要素
記敍文的寫作涉及到六大要素，即五個W和一個H：時間(when)、地點(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和結果(how);也可以將這六大要素概括為時間(time)、地點(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、經過(process)和結果( effect)。
三、記敍文的行文方式
一般來講，記敍文應具有包括開頭，主體和結尾在內的完整結構, 尤其是必須有情節發展的過程。作者應該像電影導演一樣儘可能安排起伏和精彩的內容，在矛盾的產生和解決過程中凸現出誘發、發展到高潮的完整過程。此外，在敍述過程中為完整展現前面述及的六要素，還需要插入生動活潑的人物場景描寫和清晰細緻的動作表情刻畫。
四、記敍文的寫作要領
基於英語的語法和詞彙特點，寫作英語記敍文時應掌握以下要領：
1. 時態
由於記敍文是描述過去的語境，記敍發生過的事件，所以比較多使用包括一般過去時、過去完成時、過去進行時在內的過去時態。但是，在很多情況下由於客觀描述的需要，事件或人物描述的背景從過去轉到現在，現在時的使用不可避免。還有的時候，為了襯托人物的個性，直觀地表現人物的思想感情，需要運用對話的方式。而人物對話需要用直接引語，時態的選擇又需要依託現在語境。這樣，事件的時間線索就顯得尤為重要，要求寫作者有較強的“時間領悟能力”，駕馭寫作過程中的時態轉換。例如：
Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven. She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland. She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.
在這篇短文中，第一句是客觀描述，介紹王楠的基本情況，用一般現在時。第二、三句介紹她的成長經歷，用的是過去時。最後兩句敍説她所取得的成就，又轉換到現在語境，用現在完成時。
2. 人稱
人稱的運用也是記敍文的一個特點。第一人稱(First-person Narrator)是寫作者以當事人的口氣來敍述，是一種主觀表現手法，給讀者一種親切自然的'感覺。由於作者是以敍述親身經歷的方式表達自己的思想情感，更能引起讀者共鳴。例如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. It was really a bad day for me.
第三人稱(Third-person Narrator)是寫作者從旁觀者的角度來敍述事件，是客觀的表現手法，能夠充分反映事件中各個人的感受與見解，從整體的視角來敍述事件。例如：
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May. Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5℃。
3. 動詞使用的連貫性
為了刻畫人物個性，表現真情實感，記敍文經常需要使用動詞來突出過程與變化。在許多動作交替出現的情況下，一定要注意動詞使用的連貫性，使文字表達簡潔明瞭，一氣呵成。下面一段接着上文記敍了薩姆生病後作者送他去醫院的過程，動詞使用得相當連貫。
Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
範文與評析
範文 1
My Best Friend
Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school. During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.
She is of medium height and slim figure. Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance. Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up. When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble. After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China. For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine. The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds. I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.
評析：這是一篇典型的人物記敍文。第一段總括了兩人關係。第二段通過對具體事例的敍述將人物的性格特點表現得淋漓盡致，也豐富了best friend這個稱謂的具體內涵。最後一段作者陳述了自己對友誼真諦的感悟，使文章的主題得到昇華。而其中所使用的句式和詞彙(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的語言功底。
範文2 An Unforgettable Experience
Wisdom Counts
There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school. It made me understand that wisdom counts.
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus. It was bitterly crowded there. Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper. I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged. “What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind. Suddenly, I hit on a good idea. I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet. Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags. Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag. He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience.
