英語四級考試試題

在學習、工作生活中，我們都不可避免地會接觸到試題，通過試題可以檢測參試者所掌握的知識和技能。大家知道什麼樣的試題才是規範的嗎？下面是小編為大家整理的英語四級考試試題，歡迎大家借鑑與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1.當今大學生面臨着嚴重的就業壓力

2.這一現象的產生有多方面的原因

3.解決的辦法

College Students on the Job Market

_____________________________________________________________________________

Part I Writing

【寫作思路】

本文是關於對某種社會現象的討論，探討其原因，並提供解決問題的方案。

畢業生就業壓力大，是目前比較熱門的話題，媒體、社會以及學生本人都會時不時的討論，所以文章難度不是很大。

文章開篇提出就業壓力大的問題，畢業生越來越多，而就業市場卻保持穩定，兩者之間的不平衡，導致畢業生面臨越來越大的就業壓力。

第二段討論出現這種問題的原因。第一方面，從宏觀上來看，整個世界的經濟危機影響了就業市場;第二方面，從學校招生來看，熱門專業人數過多，結果供過於求，而冷門專業學生很少，結果供不應求。

第三段針對第二段的原因，探討相應的解決方案。從政府的角度出發，要儘可能的採取各種手段幫助經濟恢復，幫助學生就業;從個人角度出發，要學會自主選擇，不追潮流，學習自己感興趣的，努力提高自身素質，增強競爭能力。

【參考範文】

More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.

There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.

The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.

Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?

Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.

The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors' offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.

UPMC's early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC's IT department had implemented over the years.

On the mend

Although UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.

If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don't be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network's IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.

Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC's Magee-Women's Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they're losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."

Opportunities and costs

Given the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians' notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.

Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor's office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.

The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor's offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.

The cost of getting it wrong

The difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D'Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients' conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.

This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D'Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can't measure something, you can't improve it, and without access to this data, you can't measure it."

To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justify the significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful use

Aggregating info to create knowledge

Ideally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D'Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D'Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.

1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.

A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the past

B) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the past

C) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtful

D) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital

2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.

A) is the first medical center to adopt information technology

B) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technology

C) spent less money on information technology than it was estimated

D) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties

3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..

A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staff

B) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United States

C) UPMC makes EHR systems look easy

D) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 1996

4. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..

A) the fact whether the information technology is available or not

B) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technology

C) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technology

D) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems

5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.

A) the cost is too high for the hospital to afford

B) physicians are unwilling to adopt it

C) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise

D) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients

6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.

A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospital

B) it is possible to improve the health care

C) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in care

D) it could save as much as $100 million annually

7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.

A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technology

B) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable service

C) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospital

D) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money

8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.

9. D'Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.

10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

原文精譯

【1】給自己的事業買最好的保險

消防隊無意之中淹沒了Mad Gab's的總部，Mad Gab's是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。儘管Melchionda知道，保險公司會替她換掉損壞的桌椅、電腦以及脣膏架子，但她仍淚流滿面。然而，讓她吃驚的是，隨後幾個月，才是真正的痛苦，她一直虧欠工資和租金，銷售額慢的像涓涓細流。

【2】Melchionda女士説，“沒有投保最重要的企業停頓保險”。她已經投保了財產險和責任險，卻從沒有想到多買一張保單，以承擔事故之後的收入損失。

企業主們有很多類似Melchionda女士的經歷。他們的很多保單要麼不足以涵蓋所有損失，要麼投保了錯誤的風險。關於保險的怨言，有些可以歸咎於吝嗇的保險公司或信息有誤的代理人，更多卻是因為企業家自己的保險決策不夠全面。

獨立的保險代理人Steven Spiro説，“一般來講，幹小生意的人並不太清楚他們擁有或需要的保險範圍”。他解釋，這些人買保險只是為了遵守辦公室租賃條約的要求。

選擇代理人

【3】買保險可能讓人膽怯，很難知道哪些人是想利用你，哪些人是給你忠告。所以你應該諮詢同行的企業家們，他們購買了何種保險以及是向誰購買的。有三類人可以幫你選擇保險：獨立代理人，專屬代理人，風險諮詢師。

獨立代理人，別稱“經紀人”，因為他們代表很多家保險公司，所以可以提供很好的選擇。保險公司付他們佣金，一般是一張保單每年保險費的10%到20%。注意：由於某些保險公司付給更多佣金，這些經紀人可能受到誘惑，會有私心和偏愛。

專屬代理人代表某一家保險公司，從該保險公司領取薪水，並對其絕對忠誠。一些諸如Allstate的公司只和自己的代理人打交道;也就是説，你只能通過該家保險公司的代理人來購買此公司的保險。

每年年末，按照賣出去的保險和賠償損失之間的比率，獨立代理人和專屬代理人都可拿到獎金。這意味着，賣給你儘可能多的保險，而最小化你的索賠，是符合他們利益的。

也要理解，大部分代理人只注意保險。美國保險研究所主要從事小本生意研究的專家Arthur Flitner説，“有時候，沒有保險，你的問題反而可能處理的更好。”比如説，建立基金以備不時之需，自己為自己投保來應對某些財產風險;或執行嚴格的僱傭政策，減少訴訟風險，從經濟角度來看，這些更有意義。

這時就需要風險諮詢師的幫助了。他們收費很高，一個簡單的項目就要花費幾千美元。【4】如果你的運作有很大風險，如果你的公司一年收入2500萬美元，如果你的公司有100多名員工，這時候僱傭風險專家，才有意義。

找到了可信的代理人，接下來就要買保險了。你想去找多少個代理人都可以，但是需要記住：同樣的保險項目，保險公司不會尋找不同的代理人。

選擇保單

如果公司總值低於300萬美元，你很有可能需要被稱為B.O.P.的業主保單，它把業務保單集中在一起，還讓你增添必要的保單。每個保險公司的B.O.P.都不一樣，購買的時候，要確保自己進行了精確的比較。

如果公司總值高於300萬美元，你可能必須分開購買保險。如果公司有幾十名員工，做生意不得不買的保單有四個：

【5】員工賠償保險是州法律要求的，它涵蓋員工的醫療費用、殘疾人士福利金和死亡賠償，【6】保險比率因行業和職業不同相差甚遠。祕書的保險費可能是，每100美元工資給付22美分，而蓋頂工可能是，每100美元給付20多美元。確保你的生意分類正確，不要把玩具廠(製造業被認為是高風險的)誤歸為設計公司(低風險)。僱員填寫索賠表格時，保險公司會認為，你的公司是一個風險係數比較高的設計公司，從而提高保險費。

【8】財產保險包括房產和辦公室裏的設備。所在建築的年齡大小，距離消防隊的遠近，建築材料是鋼鐵還是木材，都會使保險比率大有不同。

要注意共同保險條款，如果保險公司認為投保金額不足，這個條款允許保險公司只賠償部分損失。讓代理人加上“協定保險價額 ”，你和保險公司認同一個合適的保險價值。這可能讓保險費提高15%，卻減少了隨後的爭端。

一般責任保險涵蓋公司對他人健康、財產或名譽帶來的傷害損失。一般來説，保險費的比率要考慮以下因素：收入，辦公室規模，客户數量。大多數的基本成套保險，是每次危險保100萬美元;而傘狀保單以相對低的價格涵蓋更大範圍。

【9】如果可能，一定買比較貴的“發生”保單，它在事故發生當時就給你賠償，哪怕你已停業或保單已過期。“索賠”保單與此相反，它只有在你受保期間索賠才有效。

【10】企業停頓保險——Melchionda女士本該買的保險，它不僅賠償事故之後房子重建期間的銷售損失、房租、工資損失;還出錢幫你租賃臨時辦公室或設備，這樣你可以儘快的回到軌道上去。

這些保單僅僅是投保的開始。根據你經營的生意種類，還可增加其他幾十個保單。像醫生、醫院的醫療過失保險，這些非常重要;而另一些純粹是浪費。想要決定你需要哪些保險，可以先問自己兩個問題：你承受損失的可能性有多大，你自己可以賠償所有損失嗎?正如專家指出的那樣，保險旨在賠償大災難，而不是日常維護。

【7】公共調解員George Von York説，“這是場賭博”。他幫助業主和保險公司談判，以期獲得更多賠償。“大部分人一輩子也沒有得到實在的賠償。但是，孩子，在你需要時，最好還是有保險。”

1. 答案 A

解析：本題考查考生對整篇文章大意的掌握。本篇快速閲讀的標題為“為自己的公司買最好的保險”，暗示文章內容圍繞着如何買保險而展開的。選項A是標題的同義表述，而B、C、D僅僅涉及了買保險過程中的某一個因素。

2. 答案D

解析：題幹中的人名Gabrielle Melchionda出現在文章一開始。文章開頭講述Melchionda女士的遭遇。因為沒有保“企業停頓保險”，Melchionda女士蒙受了損失，感到痛苦。答案D是正確選項。

3. 答案B

解析：題幹中in that相當於連詞because，表示原因。考題考查買保險為什麼讓人感到害怕。考生可定位在文章的第五段，文章提及有些是忠告，有些卻是在利用投保人，而這之間很難分辨。選項B是對此句話的總結。

4. 答案C

解析：考題考查在特定的情況下，投保人應該如何做。考生可根據題幹中“如果你的運作有很大風險”，將答案定位在第一個小標題picking an agent的最後兩段，文章講到，此時你需要僱風險諮詢師，所以選項C是正確答案。

5. 答案A

解析：考題問到，州法律要求的保險是什麼?第二個小標題picking a policy下面的第三段中講“員工賠償保險是州法律要求”，所以選項A是正確答案。

6. 答案D

解析：根據題幹中的“worker's compensation”，考生可繼續鎖定第二個小標題下的第三段，原文中講“Rates vary widely by industry and occupation”，其中vary意為“不同，變動”，和選項D中的be different同義。

7. 答案B

解析：根據題幹中的人名George Von York，考生可鎖定文章的最後一段，George Von York認為保險就是一場賭博，一輩子可能用不到，可是又不能沒有，如果有可能，你還是需要買保險。從中可以看出George Von York的態度，他是建議人們買保險的，而選項C是個干擾項，他並不是向投保人收費很高，而是幫助投保人獲得更高的索賠。

8. 答案equipment in your office

解析：根據題幹，考生可找到第二個小標題picking a policy下面的第四段，它講到財產保險涵蓋的方面。

9. 答案available

解析：根據題幹，考生可鎖定第二個小標題picking a policy下面的第七段，原文講到買這種保險的條件。

10. 答案a temporary office or equipment

解析：根據題幹中的business interruption insurance，考生可鎖定第二個小標題picking a policy下面的第八段，文中提及“企業停頓保險”的承保內容。

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

11. A) The man didn't have much time to spend working on his essay.

B) The man was too busy to complete the assignment.

C) The man shouldn't have turned in the essay late.

D) She's sorry she couldn't help the man last week.

12. A) At the information desk.

B) In a department store.

C) In a restaurant.

D) At a railway station.

13. A) She'll go to the game later.

B) Noise disturbs her when she's reading.

C) She prefers to use headphones.

D) The man should turn off the radio.

14. A) The man should not have stayed up so late.

B) She likes to go to see new films.

C) She wants to go to a film with the man.

D) She prefers old films to new ones.

15. A) She doesn't know where the man went.

B) She doesn't know how to get to the library.

C) She can give the man directions.

D) She wants to find out where Olympic Street is.

16. A) It's a bestseller of the year.

B) She has temporarily forgotten the title.

C) The title is rather difficult to pronounce.

D) She can never recall the title of the book.

17. A) She thinks Henry is not funny enough.

B) She enjoys Henry's humor a great deal.

C) She must learn to understand Henry's humor better.

D) She doesn't appreciate Henry's humor.

18. A) He's waiting to hear from potential employers.

B) He plans to write the letters soon.

C) He missed the job application deadlines.

D) His job interviews went very well.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) On a bicycle trip.

B) Toa recycling center.

C) To a paper mill.

D) On a business trip.

20. A) Reading cards, calendars and writing paper.

B) Art books and other high-quality printed matter.

C) Insulation for basements.

D) Imitation wood.

21. A) The quality of paper will improve.

B) Paper prices will go down.

C) Garbage dumps will decrease in size.

D) Trees will be saved.

22. A) Husband and wife.

B) Mother and son.

C) Teacher and student.

D) Friends.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) The man's brother.

B) The man's roommate.

C) A neighbor.

D) A photographer.

24. A) He's noisy.

B) He's messy.

C) He has too many boxes.

D) He goes to class alone.

25. A) He worked for a radio station.

B) He lived in a dormitory.

C) He took a long trip.

D) He visited the man's family.

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11.

M: I can't believe the low mark I got on my last essay —it couldn't have been that bad.

W: Last week was so busy for you. I'm surprised you were even able to get it done on time.

Q: What does the woman imply?

答案A

解析：根據選項，考生可推斷聽力對話是關於男士的作文問題。男士説，不敢相信作文分數那麼低;女士迴應：上週你太忙了，我很驚訝你能準時做完。女士暗示，上週男士花在作文上的時間太少了。

12.

W: I have a complaint to make, sir. I waited 10 minutes at the table before the waiter showed up. When I finally got served, I found it was not what I ordered.

M: I'm terribly sorry, madam. It is a bit unusually busy tonight. As a compensation, your meal will be free.

Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?

答案C

解析：根據選項，考生可判斷問題是關於地點的，所以在聽力過程中，考生要特別關注對話中暗示地點的詞組。女士提及到“the waiter，got served，what I ordered”，男士提到“your meal will be free”，從中可以判斷對話發生在飯店。

13.

M: Does it bother you if I have the ball game on? I can use headphones if you like.

W: Actually a little peace and quiet would be nice. At least until I finish this chapter.

Q: What does the woman imply?

答案B

解析：根據選項，考生要特別注意對話中男士和女士的做法。男士説：我聽球賽會不會影響你?如果你願意，我可以戴耳機。女士沒有直接回答男士的問題，而是説：安靜當然好了，至少我要讀完這一章。從中可以判斷噪音是會影響女士讀書的，而選項C是干擾項，是男士戴上耳機。

14.

M: I'm exhausted! I was up till 3 a. m. watching Romeo and Juliet. It was great!

W: Oh, I missed it! You should've called me. I'll take those old classics over modern movies any time.

Q: What does the woman mean?

答案D

解析：選項是關於女士對新、老電影的看法。男士説：昨晚看《羅密歐和茱麗葉》看到凌晨三點!女士感歎自己錯過了這部電影，然後用should have called的形式表示虛擬，暗示男士應該叫醒自己的，隨後女士用了動詞短語take A over B，表示“比起B，更喜歡A”，從中可以看出女士的.態度，她更偏愛老電影。

15.

M: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the library?

W: Well, do you know where Olympic Street is?

Q: What does the woman's question indicate?

答案C

解析：選項是關於問路的。男士問：去圖書館怎麼走啊?女士並沒有直接回答男士的問題，而是問：你知道Olympic Street在哪裏嗎?女士暗示，如果男士知道Olympic Street，她就可以給男士指路，從而表明女士知道去圖書館的路。

16.

M: Are you sure you can't recall the name of the book?

W: It's just on the tip of my tongue!

Q: What does the woman say about the book?

答案B

解析：根據選項，考生要注意聽力對話中的書名。男士問：你確定記不起書名了嗎?女士説：就在嘴邊!這裏on the tip of one's tongue，表示“就在嘴邊，暫時想不起來”，選項B中的temporarily意為“暫時地”。

17.

M: Henry is certainly the funniest person in class; he can always make everyone laugh.

W: I think I still have to get used to his sense of humor.

Q: What does the woman mean?

答案D

解析：選項是女士對Henry幽默的看法。男士説：Henry絕對是班裏最幽默的;女士沒有直接回應，而説：我想，我需要習慣他的幽默感。從中，可以判斷女士並不喜歡Henry的幽默。

18.

W: Well, I have my first job interview on Monday. Have you had any luck with those letters of application you sent out?

M: It's still too soon to tell. Most of the application deadlines haven't even passed yet.

Q: What can be inferred about the man?

答案A

解析：選項是關於男士的工作、面試問題。考生在聽力中要特別關注面試的結果等細節。女士説：週一我要去面試。你寄出去的求職信有結果嗎?男士回答説：還很早，不知道結果;求職信的最後期限還沒有到。從中可以推斷，男士目前沒有收到面試通知，正在等待可能的回覆。

Part V Cloze (5 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Approximately, forty percent of Americans see themselves as shy, while only 20 percent say they have never suffered from shyness at some point in their lives. Shyness occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they 62 his making an expected or desired social response. 63 of shyness can be as minor as 64 to make eye contact when speaking to someone, 65 as major as avoiding conversations whenever possible.

"Shy people tend to be too 66 with themselves," said Jonathan Cheek, a psychologist, who is one of those at the forefront of current research on the topic." 67 , for a smooth conversation, you need to pay attention to the other person's cues, 68 he is saying and doing. But the shy person is full of 69 about how he seems to the other person, and so he often 70 cues he should pick up. The result is an awkward lag in the conversation. Shy people need to stop focusing on 71 and switch their attention to the other person."

72 , shy people by and large have 73 social abilities than they think they do. 74 Dr. Cheek videotaped shy people talking to 75 , and then had raters (評估者) evaluate how socially skilled the people were, he found that, in the 76 of other people, the shy group had few 77 problems. But when he asked the shy people themselves 78 they had done, they were unanimous in saying that they had been social hops(失敗).

"Shy people are their own 79 critics," Dr. Cheek said. 80 , he added, shy people feel they are being judged more 81 than they actually are, and overestimate how obvious their social anxiety is to others.

62. A) prevent B) inhibit C) keep D) motivate

63. A) Symptoms B) Signals C) Highlights D) Incidences

64. A) succeeding B) failing C) acting D) responding

65. A) but B) not C) or D) nor

66. A) preoccupied B) absorbed C) engaged D) indulged

67. A) However B) Then C) For example D) Instead

68. A) that B) which C) what D) how

69. A) worries B) feelings C) emotions D) indifferences

70. A) follows B) picks up C) misses D) catches

71. A) the conversation B) shyness

C) others D) themselves

72. A) Therefore B) Nevertheless

C) On the contrary D) Similarly

73. A) worse B) as good C) better D) best

74. A) When B) Since C) While D) As

75. A) themselves B) friends C) strangers D) others

76. A) name B) terms C) case D) eyes

77. A) oblivious B) obvious C) oblique D) obscure

78. A) what B) whatever C) how D) however

79. A) best B) justice C) fair D) worst

80. A) In particular B) In contrast C) In general D) In comparison

81. A) positively B) negatively C) subjectively D) objectively

原文精譯

美國大概40%的人認為自己很害羞，只有20%的人認為自己一生都沒有害羞過。一個人憂懼過重，害怕自己的表現達不到社會的期待，這時就會害羞。害羞的徵兆，輕則表現為和人交流時不敢直視對方的眼睛，重則表現為何時何地都不敢和人交談。

心理學家Jonathan Cheek是目前研究此課題的先驅人物之一，他説，“害羞的人太關注自身了。比如，想要交流順利，需要關注對方給出的暗示，他在説什麼，做什麼。但是害羞的人只關注自己在對方眼中的形象，經常忽略他本該獲得的提示，結果往往導致交流中的滯後，讓人尷尬。害羞的人不能只關注自己，需要把注意力轉向他人。”

無論如何，大體上來講，害羞的人社交能力比他們自己想象的要好。Dr. Cheek將害羞的人和陌生人的交流過程進行了錄像，然後找來評估人員對這些人的社交技巧進行評價。他發現，在他人看來，這些害羞的人基本沒有明顯的問題;然而，當他讓害羞的人自我評價時，這些人異口同聲地説，在社交方面自己是個失敗者。

Dr. Cheek説，“害羞的人是自身最苛刻的批評家。”他接着説，一般來講，害羞的人感覺別人對自己的評價很負面，事實並非如此;他們過高地估計了自己的社交焦慮，其實在他人眼中並沒有那麼明顯。

62.答案B

解析：考生要特別注意，此句中的they指代前面的主語apprehensions，憂懼過多，就阻礙了他們的反應。選項A、B、C都有“阻礙”之意，A和C的常用搭配是prevent/keep sb. (from) doing sth.，而B的常用搭配為prohibit doing sth。D意為“鼓勵，刺激”，常用搭配為motivate sb. to do sth.。

63.答案A

解析：考生要注意名詞詞義辨析。A中的symptom意為“症狀，徵兆”;B中的signal意為“信號，標誌”;C中的highlight意為“精彩部分，最重要的細節或事件，閃光點”;D中的incidence意為“發生”。此句的意思為，害羞的表現徵兆。

64.答案B

解析：解答本題要注意上下文。本句大意為：害羞的徵兆有兩類，一類比較細微，一類卻比較嚴重。前後兩種徵兆呈排比結構，後半句用到了動詞avoid，前半句相對應，選擇同義動詞fail，表示“不能直視他人”。

65.答案C

解析：本空前後是兩種可能性的排比，用or連接，表示“或者”，指害羞的輕微徵兆和嚴重徵兆。

66.答案A

解析：本空考查動詞搭配。A的搭配為be preoccupied with;而選項B、C、D則常和介詞in搭配。

67.答案C

解析：考生要注意前後兩句話的關係。Jonathan Cheek認為害羞的人太關注自身。接下來説，在交流過程中，他們太關注自身在對方眼中的形象。從中可以看出，Jonathan Cheek舉了個例子來説明害羞的人對自身的關注。

68.答案C

解析：此空和前面的the other persons' cues並列，都做pay attention to的賓語。賓語從句中say和do缺少賓語，用what來充當。

69.答案A

解析：選項A中worries表示“擔憂，擔心”;選項B中feelings表示“感覺，知覺，氣氛，鑑賞力”;選項C中emotions表示“感情”;選項D中indifferences意為“冷淡，漠不關心”。根據上文，害羞的人擔心他人對自己的看法。

70.答案C

解析：上一句話中講，害羞的人太擔心自己在他人心目中的印象，所以會常常錯過本該注意到的提示。考生選擇時，要注意前後兩句話的邏輯關係。

71.答案D

解析：本段一直在講害羞的人太關注自身，在交流中才會出現問題。所以他們應該轉移注意力，不要把精力一直放在自身。所以在這裏選擇反身代詞themselves。

72.答案B

解析：此空的選擇要聯繫上下文。前一段講害羞的人太注意自身，交流中出現了某些問題;而此空的後一段講，害羞的人和陌生人交流時，表現沒有什麼大問題。根據前後關係，選擇B表示“不管怎麼説，無論如何”。

73.答案C

解析：此空的選擇也要聯繫上下文。前面講害羞的人交流中出現了某些問題;而後面講害羞的人和陌生人交流時，實際表現沒有什麼大問題。所以，他們的社交能力比他們想象的要好。

74.答案A

解析：此空是對連詞的選擇，考生要注意前後兩句話之間的關係。when表示“當……的時候”，since表示“自從”，while強調前後兩個動作同時發生，或者後面的動作發生在前面的動作行為期間;as也強調動作同時進行，還可以表示原因。

75.答案C

解析：考生要注意這個實驗，是觀察害羞的人的社交能力。如果是和朋友交流，害羞的人就會比較隨意，結果可能不太客觀;而選項D中的others既包括陌生人，也包括朋友，所以在這裏選擇C。

76.答案D

解析：此空考查名詞短語。in the name of意為“以……的名義”，terms的短語一般為in terms of，意為“就……而言，在……方面”，case一般用於in this case，表示“在這種情況下”，in the eyes of sb.表示“在……看來”。

77.答案B

解析：本句前後語義為，在他人看來，害羞的人並沒有表現出很多問題。答案選obvious，意為“明顯的”。選項A中oblivious常作表語，用在be oblivious of中，表示“忘記，不注意”，用在be oblivious to中，意為“對……不在意”;選項C中的oblique，意為“拐彎抹角的”，選項D中的obscure，表示“模糊的，艱澀難懂的。”

78.答案C

解析：do作為不及物動詞，經常和副詞連用，或者在疑問句中用在how之後，表示“進展，表現”，如：How is the business doing?(生意如何?)

79.答案D

解析：根據上文，害羞的人對自己要求很嚴格，總覺得自己表現不是很好。而選項中的A、B、C都是褒義詞。

80.答案C

解析：考生要注意對四個短語的理解。選項A中的in particular，意為“特別，尤其”;選項B中的in contrast意為“相反”;選項C中的in general意為“一般來講”;選項D中的in comparison意為“比較起來”。這裏Dr. Cheek在討論一般情況。

81.答案B

解析：從整篇文章來講，害羞的人總是認為自己表現的不是很好，他人對自己的評價也不會很高，所以在這裏選擇B，negatively意為“消極地，負面地”。

PartⅥ Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

82. Only under special conditions ______________________ (才允許大一學生參加補考).

83. The new arrival was _______________ (不是別人，正是那位著名的科學家).

84. It's released that by the end of this year _____________________ (這個國家的失業率將會上升到3%左右).

85. If the whole framework of the thesis had been designed beforehand, ____________________________(就會節省很多時間和精力)

86. I was advised to be cautious ___________________ (以防他對我的工作有不良企圖).

【答案解析】

82.答案are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests

解析：本題是對倒裝的考查。only +表示時間、地點、方式、原因等的副詞短語或狀語從句，句子的主句需要用倒裝，把助動詞提到主語的前面。漢語中的句子沒有主語，考生要注意被動的使用。

83.答案none other than the famous scientist

解析：本題是對強調的考查。none other than後面加名詞，表示“恰恰是，正是”。

84.答案the rate of unemployment in that nation will have risen to about 3%

解析：首先需要注意時態的使用，by the end of this year暗示了本句需要用將來完成時態;其次，需要注意rise to和rise by的區別，rise to表示“上升到”，rise by表示“上升了”。

85.答案a great deal of time and energy would have been saved

解析：本題是對虛擬語氣的考查。前半句用了had done的形式，表示對過去事實的虛擬，而主句需要用would have done的結構。同時，漢語句子沒有主語，要考慮被動語態的運用。

86. 答案in case he had designs on my job

解析：首先是連詞的選擇，in case意為“如果，萬一”，後面加一個句子。其次，動詞短語have designs on sth.，意為“對…….有不良企圖”。