2023年11月PETS-5考試閲讀衝刺習題

在學習、工作中，我們最少不了的就是練習題了，做習題有助於提高我們分析問題和解決問題的能力。你所見過的習題是什麼樣的呢？下面是小編收集整理的2023年11月PETS-5考試閲讀衝刺習題，希望對大家有所幫助。

11月PETS-5考試閲讀衝刺習題

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?Since OPEC agreed to supply—cuts in March， the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26 a from less than$10 last near—tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 0il shock，when prices quadrupled，and 1979—80，when they also almost previous shocks resulted in double—digit inflation and global economic where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?

The Oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil ngthening economic growth，at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere，could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there ale good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the Europe，taxes account for up to four—fifths of the retail price，so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation，a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy，energy—intensive industries has reduced oil ultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50%less oil than in OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that，its oil prices averaged$2 a barrel for a full year，compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25—0.5%of is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 0r the other hand，oil-importing emerging economies--to which heavy industry has shifted-have become more energy-intensive，and so could be more seriously squeezed.

One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，unlike the rises in the 1970s，it has not oc— carred against the background of general commodity—price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchang— ing from a year 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%and in 1979 by almost 30%.

main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_____.

[A]global inflation

[B]reduction in supply

[C]fast growth in economy

[D]Iraq’s suspension of exports

call be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_____.

[A]price of crude rises

[B]commodity prices rise

[C]consumption rises

[DJ oil taxes rise

estimates in Economic Outllok show that in rich countries_____.

[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive

[B]income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices

[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed

[D]oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP

can draw a conclusion from the text that______.

[A]oil—price shocks are less shocking now

[B]inflation seems irrelevant to oil—price shocks

[C]energy conservation can keep down the oil prices

[D]the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry

the text we can see that the writer seems_____.

[A]optimistic

[B]sensitive

[C]gloomy

[D]scared

短文賞析

石油輸出國組織在3月份決定減少原油供應，原油價格立即猛漲了3倍。本週伊拉克暫停石油出口，這使得油價又一次上揚。強勁的經濟增長勢頭，隨着北半球冬季的到來，有可能在短期內使石油價格漲得更高。但是人們並不恐慌，這是因為現在多數國家的原油價格佔汽油價格的份額要小很多，發達國家對石油的依賴性也不如從前，因此對油價的波動也就不會那麼敏感了。另外一個原因是，與20世紀70年代不同，這次油價上升並不是發生在普遍的物價暴漲及全球需求過旺背景之下。

答案及解析

61.B 【解析】文章的第二句中“Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March，the price of crude oil has jumped to almost$26 a barrel，…”，説明油價上漲是由於石油輸出國組織最近的減少供應導致的。故應選B。

62.D【解析】文章第三段第二、三句“In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the Europe….”指出原油價格只是汽油價格中的一小部分，以歐洲的例子説明税收高達汽油零售價的五分之四，所以汽油税上升會造成油價的大幅度上漲。故應選D。

63.D【解析】文章第四段第五句“The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year， would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25—0.5%of GDP.”説明現在這種情況下，油價的上漲所帶來的影響只是在0.25—0.5%之間。這表明在富裕國家石油價格的變化不會對GDP(國內生產總值)產生重大影響。故應選D。

64.A【解析】文章第三段第一句話“Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the1970s.”表明這次的油價上漲不會像以前那樣帶來嚴重的後果。從文章最後一段“0ne more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，…”來看，我們不會為石油價格的上漲而失眠，也説明了這次的上漲影響不會很大。故應選A。

65.A【解析】文章第三段第一句“Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the l970s.”和第四段第一句都指出“Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were，and SO less sensitive to swings in the oil price.”也就是説各國有很好的理由盼望現在的經濟前景會比二十世紀七十年代的情況樂觀。發達國家對石油的依賴性較以前有所下降，因而對石油價格變動的敏感度也降低，這些都表明作者是持有樂觀態度的。故應選A。

11月PETS-5考試閲讀衝刺習題

Europe’s Gypsies, Are They a Nation?

The striving of countries in Central Europe to enter the European Union may offer an unprecedented chance to the continent’s Gypsies or Roman to be recognized as a nation, albeit one without a defined territory. And if they were to achieve that they might even seek some kind of formal place-at least a total population outnumbers that of many of the Union’s present and future countries. Some experts put the figure at 4m-plus; some proponents of Gypsy rights go as high as 15m.

Unlike Jews, Gypsies have had no known ancestral land to hark back to. Though their language is related to Hindi， their territorial origins are misty. Romanian peasants held them to be born on the moon. Other Europeans wrongly thought them migrant Egyptians, hence the derivative Gypsy. Most probably they were itinerant metal workers and entertainers who drifted west from India in the 7th century.

However, since communism in Central Europe collapsed a decade ago, the notion of Romanestan as a landless nation founded on Gypsy culture has gained ground. The International Romany Union， which says it stands for 10m Gypsies in more than 30 countries, is fostering the idea of “self-rallying”。 It is trying to promote a standard and written form of the language; it waves a Gypsy flag green with a wheel when it lobbies in such places as the United Bations; and in July it held a congress in Prague, The Czech capital. Where President Vaclav Havel said that Gypsies in his own country and elsewhere should have a better deal.

At the congress a Slovak-born lawyer, Emil Scuka, was elected president of the International Tomany Union. Later this month a group of elected Gypsy politicians, including members of parliament, mayors and local councilors from all over Europe OSCE, to discuss how to persuade more Gypsies to get involved in politics.

The International Romany Union is probably the most representative of the outfits that speak for Gypsies, but that is not saying a lot. Of the several hundred delegates who gathered at its congress, few were democratically elected; oddly, none came from Hungary, whose Gypsies are perhaps the world’s best organized, with some 450 Gypsy bodies advising local councils there. The union did, however, announce its ambition to set up a parliament, but how it would actually be elected was left undecided.

So far, the European Commission is wary of encouraging Gypsies to present themselves as a nation. The might, it is feared, open a Pandora’s box already containing Basques, Corsicans and other awkward peoples. Besides, acknowledging Gypsies as a nation might backfire, just when several countries, particularly Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, are beginning to treat them better, in order to qualify for EU membership. “The EU’s whole premise is to overcome differences， not to highlight them,” says a nervous Eurocrat.

But the idea that the Gypsies should win some kind of special recognition as Europe’s largest continent wide minority, and one with a terrible history of persecution, is catching on. Gypsies have suffered many pogroms over the centuries. In Romania， the country that still has the largest number of them more than 1m in the 19th century they were actually enslaved. Hitler tried to wipe them out, along with the Jews.

“Gypsies deserve some space within European structures,” says Jan Marinus Wiersma, a Dutchman in the European Parliament who suggests that one of the current commissioners should be responsible for Gypsy affairs. Some prominent Gypsies say they should be more directly represented, perhaps with a quota in the European Parliament. That, they argue, might give them a boost. There are moves afoot to help them to get money for, among other things, a Gypsy university.

One big snag is that Europe’s Gypsies are, in fact, extremely heterogeneous. They belong to many different, and often antagonistic， clans and tribes, with no common language or religion, Their self-proclaimed leaders have often proved quarrelsome and corrupt. Still, says, Dimitrina Petrova, head of the European Roma Rights Center in Budapest, Gypsies’ shared experience of suffering entitles them to talk of one nation; their potential unity, she says, stems from “being regarded as sub-human by most majorities in Europe.”

And they have begun to be a bit more pragmatic. In Slovakia and Bulgaria, for instance, Gypsy political parties are trying to form electoral blocks that could win seats in parliament. In Macedonia, a Gypsy party already has some-and even runs a municipality. Nicholas Gheorge, an expert on Gypsy affairs at the OSCE, reckons that, spread over Central Europe, there are now about 20 Gypsy MPS and mayors, 400-odd local councilors, and a growing number of businessmen and intellectuals.

That is far from saying that they have the people or the cash to forge a nation. But, with the Gypsy question on the EU’s agenda in Central Europe, they are making ground.

寫作手法與文章大意

文章以對比手法環繞吉普塞是不是一個民族/國家，可不可以取得合法地位這一中心而寫。從人口上説，它的數量超過加入歐盟許多國家，應在歐盟中一席之底。但人口分散在各國，他是對抗的部落，還沒有共同的語言和信仰。不像猶太人，它們沒有迴歸的祖居地。它們成立了國際聯盟，也選出了領導，在布魯塞爾開設了辦事處，想成立國會，但不知如何落實操作，只是極力遊説歐盟和聯合國等組織，以獲得一個合法地位和發言權。這是歐盟日程表上一個問題，但歐盟等機構又擔心，萬一他們取得正式地位，那些國家中正鬧分離和獨立的民族也會提出同樣的要求，就象潘多拉盒子那樣，不能打開。

答案詳解

1. B. 他們是一個民族/國家嗎?整篇文章環境這一點而2. 寫，3. 文章一開始就提出中歐入歐盟的國家會給大陸吉普塞人一個機會，4. 承認他們是一個民族--國家，5. 雖然沒有界定的領土作為國家，6. 應有領土。吉普塞人的領袖人物也指7. 出其人數超過歐盟中許多現在有的和將來要入盟的國家。他們至少要在歐盟中有一席之地。第二段提出，8. 吉普塞和猶太人不同，9. 他們沒有可迴歸的祖居地。他們的語言屬印歐語系。英國人認為他們來自埃及及移民。最可能的是七世紀時一些流浪的手工業工人和藝人從印度向西方流移。第三段涉及一種思想--以吉普塞文化為基礎的無疆土的吉普塞民族應有個説話的地方-越來越為人接受。國際吉普塞人聯盟聲稱代表30多個國家的吉普塞人，10. 做了幾件事：展開自我聯合，11. 提出語言標12. 準和書面形式，13. 在聯合國進行遊説活動時揮動吉普塞國旗，14. 在布魯塞爾設立辦事處，15. 六月在捷克首都布拉格召開會議。第四段集中講到會上選出了聯盟主席。一羣選出吉普塞的政治家--國會議員，16. 市長， 17. 地方政務委員再次在布拉格開會，18. 會議由歐洲安全合作條約組織召集，19. 來討論如何動員更多的吉普塞人蔘政。第五段涉及聯盟雄心勃勃的宣佈要建立國會，20. 但如何實際操作還未落實。後面主要是外界對吉普塞的態度。第六段描述歐盟委員會在吉普塞作為最大的大陸少數民族，21. 歷史上遭到殘酷的迫害，22. 應贏得特別承認。19世紀他們橫遭奴役，希23. 特勒企圖把它們和猶太人一起消滅。第八段講了歐洲會議中有人提出吉普塞在歐洲機構中應有一席之地，24. 還提議一個常務委員負責吉普塞事務。還有行動籌建建立一所吉普塞大學。後面兩段講的是困難，25. 第九段點出。最後一段指26. 出，27. 現在説他們有人有錢可以組成國家為時還早， 28. 可是吉普塞是歐盟中日程表上的一個問題，29. 他們日益接近解決。從內部，30. 外部情況分析都説明吉普塞是一個組成國家的民族。全文都是環繞它是不31. 是，32. 該不33. 該承認為民族/國家而34. 寫，35. 所以B項他們是不 36. 是民族是最佳標37. 題。

A. 吉普塞要想組成一個國家民族。這只是文章涉及到的部分內容，中歐國家想加入歐盟一事可能產生的結果。 C. 歐盟害怕它們成長。 D. 他們是一個部落。

38. A. 最可能是在7世紀從印度流浪到西方。見第1題第二註釋。

B. 他們分散在世界各地。 C. 可能他們源於中歐。 D. 他們可能來自國際吉普塞人聯盟。

39. D. 它們在這些國際組織，40. 如歐盟，41. 聯合國中進行活動遊説要取得一席之地。見第1題第一段，42. 三段註釋。

A. 它們遊説活動歐盟和聯合國接受他們的要求。太抽象。 B. 它們活動遊説在國際機構取得職位。 C. 他們遊説作為民族的權利。

43. C. 它害怕巴斯克人，44. 科西嘉人和其它要求分裂的民族會提出同45. 樣的要求。見難句譯註11。

A. 它可能會打開潘多拉盒子。此盒子在文章中只是比喻。 B. 鼓勵可能會導致某些意想不到的結果。 D. 吉普塞的要求會加深歐盟分歧。 B，D兩項不夠明確。

46. A. 吉普塞人屬於不同47. 的，而48. 且常常是對抗的民族的部落，49. 還沒有共同50. 的語言和宗教信仰。

B. 他們領袖很貪腐。 C. 他們潛在的團結來自被人看作是低於人類次等人。 D. 他們有點太講究實效， B，C， D 三項不是主要問題。主要問題是A. 項