大學英語四級翻譯常見語法考點

來源:文萃谷 1.97W

四級翻譯部分為漢譯英,共5個句子,一句一題,句長為15-30詞,句中的一部分已用英文給出,考生需根據全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語,考試時間5分鐘。下面是小編整理的大學英語四級翻譯常見語法考點,歡迎大家閲讀

大學英語四級翻譯常見語法考點

一、題型介紹

大學英語四級考試的最後一個階段是翻譯。翻譯部分為 漢譯英,共5個句子,一句一題,句長為15—30詞。句中的一部分已用英文給出,要求考生根據全句意思將漢語部分譯成英語,約3到8個單詞。考試時間5分鐘。翻譯須符合英語的語法結構和表達習慣,要求用詞準確。 該部分主要考核學生運用正確的詞彙和語法結構並按英 語習慣表達思想的能力。因此,要求學生在平時學習和 四級複習中熟練掌握四級大綱規定的詞彙、詞組和語法 知識,熟悉各種句子結構,並且能夠活學活用。

二、評分原則及標準

1. 整體內容和語言均正確,得1分。

2. 結構正確,但整 體意思不確切、信息不全或用詞不當,得0.5分。

3. 整體意思正確但語言有錯誤,得0.5分。

4. 整體意思完全 錯誤,即使結構正確也不得分。

5. 大小寫錯誤及標點符 號忽略不計。

常見語法考點真題解析

1、從句的翻譯

(1)主語從句 例. ___________(很多人沒有意識到的) is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案:What many people don’t realize

What的用法 1. what = just as,意為“恰像,猶如,好比”用作連詞,引導比較狀語從句。 ⑴ 慣用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”。 E.g. Air is to us what water is to fish. (介詞to 表示兩者的關係) ⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。E.g. Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。(介詞for表示“供…使 用”) ⑶ what 引導的從句也可以放在句首,其句式是:What C to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在這一結構中,喻體在前,主體在後,相當於“just as…, as… so…”結構,意思也是“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”例如: What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.)鐵路對於運輸,好比血管對於人體一樣。

2. what 與do with連用,意為“(怎樣)處理﹑安排或對付等”。what常有較靈活的翻譯,常用結構是:“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如:① What will you do with the letter?② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

3. What從句可用作賓語補足語或狀語。例如:① We will make the factory twice what it is today.(句中的twice what it is today是動詞make的賓語the factory的補足語)Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.地心吸引力使人稱得現有的重量(句中的第一個what到句末為表語從句;句末的what you weigh 是 説明前面的動詞weigh,系回答how much 的問題, 作狀語)

4.與what連用的常用句型和詞組⑴ What if…?如果(假如)…將會怎麼樣?例如: What if it is true?如果這是真的又怎麼樣? What if a storm should come up?萬一發生暴風雨怎麼辦?(2)come what will(may)是固定搭配必須倒裝,意為“不管發生什麼事” Come what will (may),I will always stand by you.

2)賓語從句 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的) not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案: is measured by how much they can loan

3)表語從句 In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________ (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12) 答案:I am more likely to get tired than before

4)定語從句 1).______________(與我成長的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案: Compared with the place where I grew up

2)The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_____________ (我們可以合作的領域). (2007.6)答案:the field where(in which)we can cooperate

5)狀語從句 1) Leaving one’s job, ______________(不管是什麼工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案:whatever it is(讓步狀語從句) 2)I am going to pursue this course, (無論我要作出什麼樣的犧牲).(2007.12) 答案:no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(讓步狀語從句) 2.虛擬語氣

歷年真題中涉及到虛擬語氣的考點可以歸納如下:

(1)(should)+動詞原形的情形; (2)if或but for等引導的條件句; (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。

【真題】You would not have failed if______________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 考點有兩個:首先最重要的考點是if從句的虛擬語氣考查;根據語法規定,如果主句中出現would +have的 形式,從句中應該採用had+過去分詞的結構;第二 是固定搭配“按照…的'指令”表達為follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多樣化的表達,兩者選其一就可以;注意很多學生出現遺漏主語you,造成不必要的失分。【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders

3.倒裝結構 倒裝分完全倒裝與部分倒裝兩種類型,重點是部分倒裝,即只有系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞參與的倒裝。常見的倒裝結構可以分為四大類:

(1)否定倒裝。指否定副詞或否定的副詞性結構hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than, sooner…than,not only…but also用於句首時所導致的倒裝。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different. 以前我很少去劇院,但是現在不同了。

(2)虛擬倒裝。指在if引導的虛擬條件句中,將if 省略,把should, had, were提至主語前,形成倒裝。 Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.如果我是你,絕對不會答應那麼做的。

(3)強調倒裝。為突出強調某一成分而將它提至句首時,實行倒裝,如: A. so 倒裝句 So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 他工作如此勤奮以至於經常廢寢忘食。

B.以某些表示肯定的副詞開頭作狀語:only, often, then Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted. 然後我一屁股坐在椅子上,累死了。 Only by working hard can we achieve what we want. 我們只有通過努力工作才能獲得想要的東西。

(4)在“so+形容詞…that分句”結構中,如將“so+形容詞”置於句首以示強調時,其後的系動詞be則要移到主語前面,形成主謂的完全倒裝。So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感動得説不出話來。

練習題

1. The professor required that_____________________ (我們交研究報告)by Wednesday.

2. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接電話的卻是他的助手).

3. The mananger never laughed, neither_______________(她也從來沒有發過脾氣)。

4. The significant museum________________(據説建成於)about a hundred years ago

5. she had return an hour earlier, Mary_______________(就不會被大雨淋了)。

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