2017下半年大學英語四級閲讀理解訓練題

英語四級閲讀在考試中佔有分數的比例很大，拿下閲讀基本上英語四級考試就成功了一半。以下是yjbys網小編整理的關於英語四級閲讀理解訓練題，供大家備考。

　Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel

47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the49 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經濟作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more50 ways of doing it.

The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be

51 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political52 .

But strong opinions have not brought53 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

The55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束縛). It’s what we eat—and how we56 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.

　　Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.

The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society’s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.

In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere—if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.

57. What does this passage mainly discuss?

A) The scarcity of manufactured goods.

B) The value of scarce materials.

C) The manufacturing of scarce goods.

D) The cost of producing shoes.

58. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?

A) The amount of time and money spent in producing it.

B) The opportunities a person has to buy it.

C) The value of what could have been produced instead.

D) The value of the resources used in its production.

59. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources?

A) Available resources stimulate production.

B) Resources are totally independent of production.

C) Production increases as resources increase.

D) Production lessens the amount of available resources.

60. What determines the price of a good in a market economy?

A) The cost of all elements in production.B) The cost of not making other goods.

C) The efficiency of the manufacturing process.D) The quantity of materials supplied.

61. Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?

A) A family buying a dog.

B) Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.

C) Using land for a house instead of a park.

D) Staying at home instead of going to school.

　Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well?beings of a social group?s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻礙) attainment of the group?s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

62. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A) The problems faced by leaders.

B) How leadership differs in small and large groups.

C) How social groups determine who will lead them.

D) The role of leaders in social groups.

63. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT .

A) recruitment

B) formal election process

C) specific leadership training

D) traditional cultural patterns

64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A) person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.

B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.

C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.

D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.

65. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that .

A) few people qualify as “natural leaders”

B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist

C) “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group

D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics

66. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on .

A) ensuring harmonious relationships

B) sharing responsibility with group members

C) identifying new leaders

D) achieving a goal

47. Dfeel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及後面介詞about, 可以確定選項為D項guilty, 短語feel guilty about sth. “對…感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之後又有負罪感”。

48. Mbe obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為“被…附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。

49. A本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer。

50. I 本句根據more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構成比較級，根據上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發了更多新奇的方法來酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項。

51. F本題較難。根據be 和by 確定應填入一個過去分詞。再根據上下文，上文表示“應該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”，下文通過 but 轉折，表示實際上“美國的食物已經被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項。

53. L由於橫線後面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據下文解釋，“美國人對他們所吃的食物的態度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅定的觀點也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項。

54. K系動詞become後應填入一個形容詞，和後面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of “對…感到懷疑”。

55. J本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，“(have)belief in sth.” 相信…。

56. C本句是一般現在時，缺一個動詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項share,“share sth with sb, 與某人分享某事”。

Section B

57. B主旨題。本文三段內容均圍繞短缺原料的價值進行説明。文章第一段説明了什麼叫原料相對短缺，第二段説明了什麼叫機會成本，第三段説明了原料的價格是由什麼決定的。

58. C細節歸納題。第二段中“Every act of production uses up some of society?s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else.”説明機會成本是用可生產的其他商品來衡量的，選項C正好符合該意思。

59. D細節歸納題。第一段“Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.”説明社會總資源是有限的，用掉其中一些就會使總量減少並限制其他商品的生產。

60. A細節歸納題。文章第三段“In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depends on the cost of making it”(市場經濟條件下，商品的價格和產量取決於其成本),然後又説 “The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them.”以鞋子為例説明商品價格是由生產要求決定的。

61. C推斷題。文主要闡述了經濟學裏面的一個重要概念——“機會成本”，是講商品生產和社會資源之間的關係。A、B、D均未涉及到生產領域，只有C符合本文的主旨。

62. D主旨題。本篇主要討論不同的領導者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社會羣體中所充當的角色和發揮的功能。所以D為正確答案。A、B、C選項都不能正確概括本文主旨。

63. C細節理解題。A選項的招募(recruitment)和B選項選舉程序(election process)都在第一段中作為大羣體的領導者產生的方式被明確提到。D選項也在第一段中作為家庭領導者的產生的方式被明確提到。只有C選項沒有作為產生領導者的一種方式在本文中被提及。

64. A推論題。A選項意思是:某一特定羣體的'有效領導者，不一定就可以成為另一羣體的有效領導者。這正好與第二段的意思相吻合，即領導者沒有一個固定的特點，只是符合了一個特定羣體需要的人就有可能成為該羣體的領導者(It seems…virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B選項和C選項的意思與本文無關。D選項意為:許多人想成為領導者，但卻很少能拿出證據來證明他們具有這樣的資格。顯然是對文章意思的曲解。

65. B細節理解題。第二段中“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of ‘natural leaders’”意思是説數十年來的研究並不能找出可靠證據來證明那些人可以成為“天生領導者”，與B項意思一致。

66. D細節理解題。第三、四段主要講了兩種類型的領導者的區別。其中instrumental leader側重於羣體目標的實現，而expressive leader相對於前者並不側重於羣體目標的實現，而是注重為羣體成員提供情感支持，並盡力減少內部紛爭。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.)