國中英語八種時態彙總訓練

來源:文萃谷 2.89W

時態在英語學習中是最基礎的部分,為了幫助大家更好備考國中英語, 下面是yjbys網小編提供給大家關於國中英語八種時態彙總訓練,希望對大家的備考有所幫助。

國中英語八種時態彙總訓練

 一、一般現在時

(一)基本結構

一般現在時除主語是第三人稱單數時謂語動詞要加s外,一律用動詞原形。

例句:

I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點去上學。

Summer follows spring. 春天之後是夏天。

The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。

I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在國小就學過地球是圍繞太陽轉的。

Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。

(二)時態詳解

主要用於下面幾情況:

1) 描述當前時間內經常出現、反覆發生的動作或存在的狀態。

在這種情景中,句子常帶有表示頻率的時間狀語:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的動作或狀態是習慣性的、經常性的。例如:

They raise ducks as a sideline .他們以養鴨為副業。

She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家裏寫信,僅一月一封而已。

I cycle to work every day .我每天騎自行車上班。

It seldom rains here .這兒很少下雨。

2)僅為了描述狀態、性質、特徵、能力等等。

這裏的目的是為了"描述現階段的動作或狀態",其重點"不是強調動作發生的時間、或進行的狀態"。例如:

He can speak five foreign languages .他能説五種外語

That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。

Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長江是世界上最長的河流之一。

She majors in music .她主修音樂

All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。

My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂於助人。

3) 陳述客觀事實、客觀真理。

顧名思義,客觀的情況是"沒有時間概念"的;也"不會在意動作進行的狀態"。例如:

The sun rises in the east .日出東方。

The earth goes around the sun .地球繞着太陽轉。

Ten minus two is eight.十減二等於八。

Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。

The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國位於太平洋西岸。

4) 根據英文語法規定,當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時,那麼時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現在時來表示將來要發生的動作。例如:

I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時,我將告訴他這個消息。

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

如果你接受這份工作,他們將和你談談細節。

用於一般現在時的副詞,除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外,常見的還有:now, today , nowadays等等。

(三)一般現在時表示過去

1. 用於某些動詞(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表示不確定的過去時間。如:

I hear that he got married last month. 我聽説他上個月結婚了。

Mary says you told her to come over here. 瑪麗説是你讓她到這兒來的。

2. 當要陳述一個客觀事實時,有時即使有過去時間狀語也可用一般現在時。如:

The story is set in the summer of 1937. 故事的背景是1937年夏天。

The story begins in the year 1937. 故事開始於1937年。

 二、一般過去時

(一)基本結構

一般過去時用動詞的過去式構成,即在動詞原形後加ed。

例句:

He was here just now. 他剛才還在這裏。

What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什麼事?

We often played together when we were children. 我們小時候常在一起玩。

He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他過去經常抽煙,但現在不抽了。

Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每當我們遇到困難,他都會幫助我們。

At that time she was very good at English. 那時她英語學得很好。

He said he would wait until they came back.

(二)時態詳解

主要是用來描述在過去某個時候發生的動作或存在的狀態。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間裏經常發生的習慣性動作。這一點在表達意義上與一般現在時相同,只是所在的時間區域不同而已。由於它的主要作用如此,所以在使用一般過去時的句子裏常常有一個意義較具體的過去時間狀語。這也是它與現在完成時的最大區別之一。

一般過去時由謂語動詞的過去式表示,也就是説動詞詞末要加-ed(除不規則動詞外)。常和一般過去時連用的過去時間狀語有:last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。

使用一般過去時,在某種意義上説就是要強調動作或狀態發生或存在於過去的某個時候。"過去"的時間概念有兩層意思:一是指"現在某個時間"以前的時間;二是指"説話、寫文章的那個時間點"以前的時間,在這個意義上,"現在的那個時間點"是很小很小的,甚至於小到無法量化的程度。例如:

He got his driving license last month. 他上個月拿到了駕照。

--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪裏?

--He just went out.他剛剛出去。

(三)一般過去時表示現在

(1) 在賓語從句中,由於時態呼應的關係,可用一般過去時表示現在:

I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。(were實際上指現在)

I didn’t know you were so busy.我沒想到你這麼忙。(were實際上指現在)

(2) 表示客氣委婉的現在:

I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空。

I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也許想要些花。

【注】能這樣有的動詞主要限於want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數動詞。

(3) 用於某些特殊結構中表示現在:

It’s time we started. 我們該動身了。

I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。

I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得離我們近點。

【注】該用法主要用於 it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少數結構後接從句的情形,其中有些結構後面的句子還可用一般過去時表示將來:

I’d rather you came next Monday. 我寧願你下週星期一來。

另外表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過去時表示現在:

If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我現在有錢,我就買輛小汽車。

 三、一般將來時

(一)基本結構

由 will 加動詞原形構成,當主語是第一人稱時,也可以用 shall 加動詞原形。

例如:

Telephone me this evening. I’ll be at home. 今晚給我打電話,我會在家。

I’ll (shall/will) do a better job next time. 下次我要幹得好些。

The car won’t start. 車開不了啦。

Oil and water will not mix. 油和水沒法混在一起。

(二)時態詳解

主要用來描述將要發生的動作或存在於未來的情況。這裏所説的“將來時間”是指“説話、寫文章那一刻以後的時間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種:

1)shall / will + 動詞原形這種表示方法是説,動作在現在或目前還未發生,要在將來的某個時間內發生;它沒有主觀性,是“純粹的將來動作”。例如:

I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。

He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達這裏。

2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式

這種表示方法主要是説明 A)“説話人的意圖、打算”;B)“某種可能性”。例如:

A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。

Who is going to speak first? 誰先發言?

B) It is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。

Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會幫我們收集資料嗎?

If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西蘭,你會喜歡上那個地方的。

3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述兩鍾情況:

按計劃安排要發生的動作,這個動作發生的時間一般不會很遠; 要求或命令他人做某事。例如:

A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新橋三天後通車。

The factory is to go into production before National Day. 這家工廠國慶節前投產。

B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。

You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你媽回來之前你不要出去。

4) 用一般現在時或現在進行時(限於某些動詞)表示按計劃安排要發生的事。主要強調“按計劃安排要發生的事”。例如:

Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車嗎?

The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飛機上午十一點起飛。

Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 裏德先生下週動身去紐約。

(三)表示將來的五種常用非時態方式

1. “be+不定式”:表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務等。如:

She is to play Juliet. 她扮演朱麗葉。

You are to make the necessary changes. 你要做出必要的改變。

2. “be about to + 不定式”:表示即將發生的動作,有“即將”的意思,但不能和具體的時間狀語連用。如:

The package is about to come unwrapped. 那個包快散開了。

3. “be going + 不定式”:表示按計劃或安排打算去做某事,或表示有跡象表明要發生某事。如:

We are going to call her this evening. 我們打算今晚給她打電話。

My sister’s going to have a baby this summer. 我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。

4. 用現在進行時表示將來:主要表示按規定或時間預計要發生的事。如:

The students are leaving on Sunday. 學生們星期日出發。

We’re having a party next week. 我們下星期將開一個晚會。

5. 用一般現在時表示將來:表示按規定或時間預計要發生的`事。如:

We have a holiday tomorrow. 我們明天放假。

The train leaves at 10:04 this evening. 火車今晚10:04分開。

 四、現在進行時

(一)基本結構

現在進行時由 am/is/are 加現在分詞構成。

例句:

They’re having a meeting. 他們在開會。

I’m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。

Mike is coming home on Thursday. 邁克星期四回來。

They’re having a party next week. 下星期他們將開一個晚會。

You’re always interrupting me! 你老打斷我的話!(抱怨)

My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丟車鑰匙。(不滿)

She’s always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。(讚揚)

(二)時態詳解

主要用來描述“説話、寫文章的當刻”正在發生的動作,或是“現階段”一直在進行的動作。它適用於下面的情況:

1)“説話、寫文章的當刻”正在發生的動作。例如:

They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球。

She is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學期論文。

Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你聽電話。

2)“現階段”一直在進行的動作。這種情況並不是説某個動作在説話的那會兒正在發生,而是説某個動作在當前一段時間內一直在進行着,或是重複地發生着。例如:

He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學英語六級考試作準備。

How are you getting along with your new job? 你那份新工作幹得怎麼樣?

3)表示説話人的情感,如:讚許、批評;喜歡、厭惡等。這時的動作並不是正在發生或進行,而是表示經常性,相當於“一般現在時”所描述的情況。例如:

He is always thinking of others , not of himself . (表示讚許)他總是為他人着想,而不為自己。

She is often doing well at school. (表示滿意)她在學校學習挺不錯的。

Are you feeling better today? (表示親切)你今天覺得好一些嗎?

One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不滿)我的一個室友老是亂扔東西。

Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜歡)有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產品。

4)表示在近期按計劃或安排要發生的動作,用於這種情況僅限於少量的動詞,如:go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進餐,尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿,戴 ) 等。例如:

I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。

An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報告。

We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下週三我們放假。

Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎?

(三)現在進行時表示將來

現在進行時表將來,主要表示按計劃或安排要發生的動作:

I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。

They’re getting married next month. 他們下個月結婚。

現在進行時與一般現在時均可表示將來,區別是:用現在進行時表示將來,其計劃性較強,並往往暗示一種意圖;而一般現在時表示將來,則其客觀性較強,即通常被視為客觀事實,多指按時刻表或規定要發生的情況:

I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不準備出去。

What time does the train leave? 火車什麼時候開?

  五、過去進行時

(一)基本結構

過去進行時由 was/were 加現在分詞構成。

例如:

What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天這個時候你在做什麼?

During the summer of 1999 she was travelling in Europe. 1999年夏天她在歐洲旅行。

He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他説他一兩天之內就動身回家了。

She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到別人。(讚揚)

She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厭煩)

I was reading the newspaper when the doorbell rang. 我正在看報,突然門鈴響了。

Jim burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 吉姆做飯時把手燙了。

I met Diana while I was shopping this morning. 我今早買東西時碰到了戴安娜。

I was doing my homework while he was listening to music. 我在做作業而他在聽音樂。

(二)時態詳解

主要表示在過去的某個時間點上正在發生、進行的動作。由於它的定義是表示在過去的某個時間點上正在發生、進行的動作,所以,句子常帶有一個表示“過去某個時間點”的狀語。這個狀語可能是短語,詞組,或是一個從句。也可能是通過上下文來表達這層意思。過去進行時主要用於下面的情景中:

1)表示在過去某時刻正在進行的動作,例如:

At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個時候,我正在收拾東西去露營。

When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我來看她的時候,她正在寫一篇文章。

What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點鐘你在做什麼?

2)用於故事的開頭,交代故事發生的背景情況。

過去進行時所描述的動作是“正在進行”,所以,在這種情景中用“過去進行時”可以給讀者一種“動感”,從而能使文章更加生動活潑。例如:

One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上,他正在書房裏打字。突然,一個人闖進屋來,切斷了電源……

3)(僅限少數動詞)表示在過去的未來時間要發生的動作。例如:

When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .國慶節即將來臨的時候,他們開始制訂度假計劃。

She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她將去海南度假。

My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友對我説,他今天要與他的一位客户一塊兒吃午飯。

We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的時候,我們離開了那兒。

(三)過去進行時表示現在

用過去進行時表示現在,主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣。如:

I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。

We were hoping you would stay with us. 我們很希望你能跟我們住在一起。

How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生,您打算花多少錢?

注:一般過去時也有類似用法,但比較而言,用過去進行時顯得更客氣,更不肯定。

六、現在完成時

1.現在完成時的構成:助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞

注:has 用於第三人稱單數,have 用於其他所有人稱。

2.現在完成時的用法:

(1)現在完成時表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。通常與表示包括現在在內的時間副詞just,already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如:

① I have never heard of that before.

② Have you ever ridden a horse?

③ She has already finished the work.

④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.

⑤ I’ve just lost my science book.

有時沒有時間狀語;多是一般疑問句。

(2)現在完成時表示過去已經開始,持續到現在,也許還會持續下去的動作或狀態。可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在(包括現在在內)的一段時間的狀語連用。 如:for和since,以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。

① I haven’t seen her these days.

② She has learnt English for 3 years.

③ They have lived here since 1990.

④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?

注意:表示短暫時間動作的詞,如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。

(3)現在完成時還可以用在時間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時完成的動作,例如:

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.

(4) have been (to)和have gone (to)的區別:

★have / has been (to) 表示“曾經去過”某地,説話時此人很可能不在那裏,已經回來。側重指經歷。

★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經去了”某地,説話時此人在那裏,或可能在路上,反正不在這裏。

試比較:

He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。

(人已回來,可能在這兒)

He has gone to Beijing. 他已經去了北京。

(人已走,不在這兒)。

一般過去時與現在完成時之比較

1)過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敍述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。

2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

◎ 一般過去時的時間狀語有:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語。

◎ 共同的時間狀語有:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately等。

◎ 現在完成時的時間狀語有:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時間狀語。

請大家認真分析比較下列各例句:

I saw this film yesterday.

(強調看的動作發生過了。)

I have seen this film.

(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)

She has returned from Paris.

(她已從巴黎回來了。)

She returned yesterday.

(她是昨天回來了。)

He has been in the League for three years.

(在團內的狀態可延續)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)

注意:句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。例如:

(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1) 用於完成時的區別:

延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。

He has completed the work.

他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)

I've known him since then.

我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)

2) 用於till / until 從句的差異:

延續動詞用於肯定句,表示“做……直到……” ;瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示“到……,才……”。

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.

他到10 點才回來。

He slept until ten o'clock.

他一直睡到10點。

典型例題:

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met  B. have met  C. met  D. meet

答案B ;首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反覆發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。

2. --- I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

--- Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been  B. had been  C. was  D. will be

答案A ; 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。

 七、過去完成時的用法

1、概念:表示過去的過去。

-----------|----------------|--------------------|---->

那時以前  那時  現在

其結構是:had + 過去分詞

2、過去完成時的用法:

(1)過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態;句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導的時間狀語。

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.

I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

(2)過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或者狀態持續到過去某個時間或者持續下去。

Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.

(3)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

(4)在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

(5)表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

(6)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

用一般過去時代替完成時

1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。

When she saw the mouse,she screamed.

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

2) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 敍述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

-----------|----------------|--------------------|---->時間

過去 那時所遇見的情況  現在

  八、一般過去將來時

一、基本概念:

過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。它是一個相對的時態,即立足於過去某時,從過去的某一時間看即將發生的事情就要用這一時態。

1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him

2) My brother told me he wouldn’t believe Jack any more.

3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness?

二、基本形式:

would/should+動詞原形

(其中 would 用於各種人稱, should 常用於第一人稱)。

例如:

They were sure they would win the final victory.

他們堅信會贏得最後勝利。

He didn't expect that we should(would)all be there.

他沒想到我們都在那裏。

上述兩個例句中的賓語從句謂語 would win 和 should(would)be 分別與其主句謂語 were sure 和 didn't expect 相對應。

三、過去將來時的一些其它表達形式:

to+動詞原形

He said he was going to try.

他説他準備試試。

動詞原形

They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day.

他們説這條鐵路將在五一節通車。

about+動詞原形

We were about to go out when it began to rain.

我們正要出去天(突然)下起雨來。

4.過去進行時(一般多為動作概念較強的動詞,如 go,come, leave,start, open,begin 等)也可用於表示將來。

I didn't know when they were coming again.

我不知道他們什麼時候再來。

四、用法注意點:

1.在時間和條件狀語從句中,常用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。例如:

He said he would come to see you when he had time.

他説他有時間就來看望你。

2.“would+動詞原形”可表示過去習慣性的動作。此時,不管什麼人稱,都可用would。

When he was a child he would get up early.

他年幼時,總是很早起牀。

考例精練:

1. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital.

A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died

2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.

A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned

3. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science.

A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become

C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become

4. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped

5. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.

A. has left; comes B. left; had come

C. had left; came D. had left; would come

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