託福寫作常見語法錯誤解析

來源:文萃谷 1.17W

導語:在託福的獨立寫作中經常出現名詞數詞的錯誤用法,下面是YJBYS小編整理的託福寫作常見語法錯誤解析,歡迎參考!

託福寫作常見語法錯誤解析

  名詞

在託福獨立寫作中會有哪些常見的語法錯誤呢?從這期開始,我們將和大家一起討論寫作中經常出現的名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數詞、動詞、介詞、連詞方面的錯誤,希望大家“引以為戒”——“語言的準確性”是託福獨立寫作評分標準中的重要要求。

1.可數名詞不“裸奔”

Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vast

spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, student will learn skill necessary to be successful in university and the work world.

第一句句子中的expert和scholar都是可數名詞,因此需要在這些詞之前加上冠詞(定冠詞或不定冠詞)或物主代詞,或變為名詞的複數形式。Even experts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.

第二句句子中的student和skill也都是可數名詞,全句應該改為:During high school, a very important time in a person’s education career, students will learn most of the skills necessary to be successful in university and the work world.

2.集合名詞的單複數

我們來看下面的例句:

Technology is developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen.

在此句句子中,technology 是不可數名詞。考生是否可以將這句句子改成:Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed that our ancestors might never have foreseen呢?technology到底是可數名詞還是不可數名詞?

當technology理解為抽象的“科學技術”,即強調總稱時,是不可數名詞,如例句中的Technology is developing at a remarkable speed中的technology正是對“科學技術總稱”的指代。當強調“各種各樣”科技產品的時候,此時的technology則是可數名詞,如例句 Various modern technologies are developing at a remarkable speed. 這類名詞稱之為“集合名詞”,在託福獨立寫作中,經常使用的“集合名詞”還有government,如:

The central government is so concerned about keeping pandas in existence that it is spending millions of dollars trying to determine how to artificially inseminate the giant panda. (中央政府是一級具體的“政府機關”,因此使用可數名詞形式)

It is crucial for government to setup more funds by attracting larger investments to solve financial problems encountered during the course of environment-related projects. (這裏的政府是“行政機關的總稱”,因此使用不可數名詞形式)

3.名詞的首字母大寫

在哪些情況下,名詞需要對其首字母進行大寫(capitalization)?

表示月份:February

表示歷史事件:The Enlightenment

表示歷史時期:The Middle Ages

表示書刊、報紙:The New York Times,The Washington Post

表示節日:Christmas,the Spring Festival

表示國家(地區):North America

表示專有名詞:the Amazon

  數詞

在託福寫作中,“數詞”“粉墨登場”的機會並不多見——因此,對“數詞”“準確、到位”講解的匱乏着實不難理解。然而,秉持着“細微之處見真章”的精神,本篇總結了託福寫作中“數詞寫作的一般規則”,這些規則也同樣適用於考生的日常寫作。

規則一: 當數詞可以用至多兩個英文單詞表達時,儘量使用英文字母表示。因此,12以下的.數字或整數一般都需要“寫出來”,但在percent(百分比)前面一般直接使用阿拉伯數字,如:

Experts quickly realized that there were two possible explanations for the decline of sea otters: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. 專家很快認識到,海獺數量減少有兩個可能的原因:環境污染或來自捕食者的攻擊。

When the price difference between two products is small, for example, less than 5 percent in the case of eco-certified wood products, American consumers often choose on factories other than price. 當兩種產品之間的價格差距非常的小(在環保認證木材製品的案例中,這種差距小於5%),美國消費者會考慮生產廠商而不是價格。

規則二:當數字需要用兩個以上英文單詞表達時,儘量使用阿拉伯數字表示,因此年份往往是直接用阿拉伯數字進行表示,如:

These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 125 kilometers per hour. 這些動物奔跑速度非常快,可以達到每小時125千米。

Cane toads were introduced to Australia in 1935 with the expectation that they would protect farmers’ crops by eating harmful insects. 蔗蟾於1935年被引入澳大利亞,期待它們通過吃害蟲來保護農民的莊稼。

規則三: 句子的開頭一般不使用阿拉伯數字,如:15 couples were invited to participate in a survey that aimed to figure out the fatal elements leading to personal success.十五對夫婦被邀請參與到一項調查之中,該調查的目的是探究個人成功最重要的要素。

較好的表達方式為:Fifteen couples were invited to participate in a survey that aimed to figure out the fatal elements leading to personal success.

規則四:表達小數(或分數)時,儘量使用數字,如:The government has spent over $12.4 million constructing new recreational facilities for local residents in the past few decades. 在過去的幾十年間,政府花費了超過1240萬元用於為當地居民建造新的娛樂設施。

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