托福考試語法題精選
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1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.
(A) A
(B) It is a
(C) Although a
(D) There is a
答案：A
測試點：冠詞.
分析：ratchet (棘輪機構)是名詞，名詞前應加冠詞，故選(A).
2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.
(A) such
(B) more
(C) as
(D) than
答案：C
測試點：介詞.
分析：”作為政治家“要説as a politician，故選(C).前文as an architect可作為線索.動詞rival (比得上，相比)在詞意上也決定了前後兩部分應相同結構.
3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.
(A) it grows
(B) what grows
(C) does it grow
(D) what does it grow
答案：B
測試點：what引導的名詞從句。
分析：depend on後接名詞性的成份。答案中(B)是名詞從句，做介詞on的賓語.(A)是主謂結構但並非名詞從句，不能作賓語，(C)是問句形式，(D)結構錯誤.
4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.
(A) bridge-building
(B) building of bridges
(C) building a bridge
(D) bridges are built
答案：A
測試點：定語.
分析：materials是名詞，前面要用形容詞性的'詞來修飾它.(A)是分詞，可作定語.(B)是動名詞短語;(C)是動賓結構;(D)是句子;均不可作定語.
5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
(B) General belief contrary to
(C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
答案：A
測試點：習語.
分析：contrary to+名詞是.固定短語，表示“與……相反”，故選(A).
6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.
(A) Barbara Jordan’s campaign being
(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned
(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan
(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning
答案：B
測試點：複合句。
分析：Two years after引導的是時間狀語從句，故逗號之後應是主謂完整的主句，即(B)。其餘三句均不是主謂結構.
7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.
(A) are influenced
(B) be influenced
(C) influencing
(D) influence
答案：D
測試點：謂語.
分析：本句有主語但缺謂語，應在答案中選擇能充當謂語的動詞形式，即(D).(A)是被動語態，與句意不合;(B)(C)不能單獨作謂語.
8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
(A) occurs
(B) will occur
(C) can occur
(D) occurring
答案：D
測試點：動名詞.
分析：’s是名詞的所有格形式，後接名詞性成份.答案(D)是動名詞，可接在’s後，其餘均不可。
9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action.
(A) All lamps early
(B) Lamps all early
(C) All early lamps
(D) Early all lamps
答案：C
測試點：主語/詞序.
分析：本句缺主語，應從答案中選擇名詞或名詞組作主語.除(C)外，其餘語序均錯.
解題要點：指示性形容詞all,many,some及any均應放在一般修飾性形容詞前面.
10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”
(A) a leading astronomer who
(B) who, as a leading astronomer,
(C) was a leading astronomer
(D) a leading astronomer,
答案：D
測試點：同位語.
分析：主語後面用逗號隔開的部分，常常是主語的同位語.應在答案中選擇説明主語身份的名詞性成份，即(D).(A)(B)後接從句;(C)多了動詞.
11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
(C) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress
答案：D
測試點：“the+比較級the+比較級”結構。
分析：看到the less…，應想到這是the+加比較級的句式。應在答案中選擇相同的結構，即(D)the greater….
解題要點;此平列比較級句型是TOEFL常考題型，應注意兩個比較的部分要結構相同.
12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.
(A) how
(B) of
(C) by which
(D) for it
答案：C
測試點：介詞+which結構.
分析：空格前後均為主謂完整的句子，説明這是複合句.主、從句中間應填入接兩句的連詞.(C) by which意為by the standard.(A)雖為連詞，但意思不通.(B)為介詞，(D)多主語it。
13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
(A) coolest
(B) the coolest
(C) cooler
(D) the cooler
答案：C
測試點：比較級.
分析：以than為線索，推知句中用了比較級，句詞weather前所缺為比較級形式的形容詞.答案(C)是形容詞比較級的正確形式.(A)(B)為最高級;(D)多了the.
14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.
(A) far too
(B) far and
(C) so far
(D) as far as
答案：A
測試點：too…to…結構.
分析：這一結構也是TOEFL常考的題型.注意副詞too前面可以用表示程度的詞來修飾，如：far，much等.
15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.
(A) because
(B) if
(C) when
(D) and
答案：D
測試點：連詞。
分析：句中conducts…和burns…是並列的謂語，應在答案中選擇表示並列關係的連詞。即(D)(A)表示原因，(B)表示假設關係，(C)表示時間，句意均不通，而且這些連詞引導的狀語從句都缺了主語.
解題要點：在連詞and連接的並列句中，如果主語為同一人或事物，第二句可省去此主語，直接連謂語動詞.
