成人英語三級詞彙語法名師指導

來源:文萃谷 2.92W

所謂垂懸結構(The Dangling Construction)就是一個句子成分,如分詞短語,不定式動詞短語等,找不到被修飾的主語或被修飾的對象不合邏輯。垂懸結構是種錯誤的`句法,應該避免。.以下是小編為大家搜索整理的成人英語三級詞彙語法名師指導,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!

成人英語三級詞彙語法名師指導

  下面是三種常見的垂懸結構及其改正方法:

⒈垂懸分詞或分詞短語,如:

① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

這句子裏的現在分詞短語(present participial phrase)修飾主語“several boars”是錯的;改正方法有二:

(a)確定是邏輯主語,使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

(b)把現在分詞短語擴大為副詞分句(也稱狀語從句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

⒉垂懸副詞短語,如:

② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

這句的副詞短語(adverb phrase)和主語“the fish”有什麼邏輯關係呢?真正的邏輯主語應該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對。改正方法和例①同:

(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.

(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

⒊垂懸不定式動詞短語,如:

③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

這兩個句子的不定式動詞短語(infinitive phrases)並不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主語必須是“ 人”,如:

(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.

上述三類垂懸結構中,第一類發生的頻率最高,必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下,分詞短語是對的,它們並非垂懸結構:

第一,獨立結構(The Absolute Construction,見3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語有自己的主語,所以不是垂懸結構。例如:

① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

第二,當分詞含有介詞或連詞性質時,它不需要邏輯主語,所以沒有垂懸問題存在。例如:

② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.

③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.

第三,當分詞短語是用來表示説話者的態度或意見時,也不需要邏輯主語,因此也不存在着垂懸問題。例如:

④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.

⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.

熱門標籤