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　　New US Plan for Disease Prevention美國疾病預防新政策

Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health1 , Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease，cancer and diabetes.

週二，健康及人道服務部祕書托米湯姆森發起了一項耗資1 500萬美元的計劃，大力推 進社區在預防 諸如心臟病、癌症及糖尿病等慢性病上發揮更大能量，以鼓勵美國人對自己的健 康負責。

The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases2— the leading causes of death in the United States —and outlines ways that people can prevent them，including better diet and increased exercise.

這一行動強調了慢性病——造成美國國人死亡的主要原因的代價，概括了預防疾病的途徑， 包括改 善飲食和增加鍛鍊。

“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness，disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases, " the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement.

衞生與公共服務部在報告中指出，今天，在美國70%的死亡、絕大多數重病、殘疾及健康 醫療是由 慢性病造成的，絕大多數醫療費用也花在慢性病的治療上。

The causes are often behavioral—smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.

原因往往是行為上的——吸煙、不良的飲食 習慣以及缺乏鍛鍊。

“ I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future，”Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.

我確信通過增進健康來預防疾病是一項利在將來的精明之舉。湯姆森在發起該倡議的會議上説。

“Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices. "

我們當前的健康醫療體系不是為應付治療那些基本上可以通過改變生活方式來預防的疾病的費用 不斷上漲而設立的.。

Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.

湯姆森説道，全國心臟病和中風將在2003年將要耗資3 510億美元。

“These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable ，yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier, longer lives,”he said.

男性和女性死亡的主要病因都基本上可以預防，但是作為一個國家，我們卻尚未採取必要 措施使人們生活得更為健康長壽。他説道。

The $ 15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention , pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.

調撥1 500萬美元給社區來推動預防工作，促使變化，細微到修建人行道，鼓勵人們多多步行。

Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes，and prevent cancer and strokes.

每天鍛鍊，比如走步，能夠預防以及治療心臟病和糖尿病，且能預防癌症和中風。

The money will also go to community organizations ，clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.

這批款項也將撥給社區組織、診所及營養師，鼓勵他們合作，教育有患糖尿病風險的人們如 何進行預防，鼓勵人們多做 早期癌症篩查。

The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening ，including Pap tests3 for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks.

美國癌症學會估計，所有類型癌症的一半可用早期癌症篩查測出，包括針對宮頸癌的巴氏試驗、針 對乳腺癌的乳房 X 線照片、結腸鏡檢查以及前列腺檢查。

If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.

如果所有這些癌症都能夠由早期篩查測出，該組織估計癌症存活率將上升到95%。

　　詞彙：

diabetes n糖尿病

initiative n 主動的行動，倡議

behavioral a行為方面的

escalate vi逐步上升;逐步增強

slate vt預定，規劃

nutritionist n營養學家

cervical a子宮頸的

mammogram n乳房 X 射線照片

colonoscopy n結腸鏡檢查

prostate a前列腺的

　　註釋：

1. take responsibility for their health ：對他們自己的健康負責

2. The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases … ：這一行動強調了慢性病的代價……

3. Pap test (= Papanicolaou test)：巴氏試驗(一種檢查早期癌變的方法)

　　練習：

1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?

A) They account for 70% of all deaths

B) They are responsible for most of the health care costs

C) They often result in unhealthy lifestyles

D) They are largely preventable

1. C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國，70%的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數醫療費用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會引發慢性病，而不是慢性病引發不健康的生活方式。慢性病在很大程度上是可以預防的。

2. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT .

A) better diet.

B) increased exercise

C) reduction on smoking

D) higher survival rate for cancer

2. D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除 A、B 和 C 三個選項。

3. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean .

A) greater responsibility of the government

B) much less money needed for disease treatment

C) higher costs of health care

D) more 1ifestyle choices for people

3. B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費極高。適當投資於疾病的預防可以大大減少這種花費。

4. The $ 15 million program is aimed at .

A) promoting disease prevention

B) building more sidewalks

C) helping needy communities

D) wiping out chronic diseases

4. A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項目的主要目的是促進疾病的預防。

5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly .

A) the death rates for all chronic diseases

B) the kinds of cancer attacking people

C) the cancer incidence rate

D) cancer death rate

5. D 從文章的最後一段可以看出，早期癌症篩查有助於大大提高癌症存活率，即大大降低癌症死亡率。