職稱英語考試輔導練習題2016
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Easy Learning
Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds — one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between1. EEG2 recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups3. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.4
When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds — so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.
詞彙：
vowel /5vaJEl/ n.元音 Finland /5finlEnd/ n.芬蘭 Finnish /5finiF/ adj.芬蘭的，芬蘭人的，芬蘭語的 newborn /nju:5bC:n/ n.新生兒; adj.新生兒的 cerebral /5seribrEl/ adj.大腦的 cortex /5kC:teks/ n.皮層remedial /ri5mi:djEl/ adj.補救的 註釋:
1. … that sounds like something in between：that引導的是定語從句， that指代前面的 vowel。between可以理解為 between the vowel that sounds like “oo” and the vowel that sounds like “ee”。
2. EEG = electroencephalogram腦電圖
3. two sleep-study groups：兩個睡覺—學習小組
4. easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds：較容易區分的元音練習：
1. Babies can learn language even in their sleep. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2. An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3. Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4. The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5. The study shows that the infant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6. If an adult wants to learn a language faster. he can put a language tape under his pillow.
1. A 第二段的最後一句話是這麼説的： Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected taht they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.芬蘭 Turku大學的 Marie Cheour懷疑他們進步這麼快的'原因可能是他們不僅在醒着時而且在睡覺時也在學習語言。可見，這個命題是真的。
2. C 第二段有這麼一個句子： By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words.嬰兒到了一歲時，他們可以識別許多音，甚至一些簡單的詞。從“許多音”是推不出“許多元音的”，反向的推導是成立的。
3. C 第四段的最後一句話是這麼説的：… while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. ……而其他的嬰兒只聽其他的較容易區分的元音。但“其他的較容易區分的元音”是指 “oo”和“ee”這兩個元音。這兩個音容易區分並不等於説所有的元音都容易區分。
