2015年托福阅读TPO难句翻译汇总
新版的“百句译”的课堂包括两个部分：
(1)托福难句翻译;
(2)对应真题解答;
大家一定要把两个部分都完成：
因为(1)难句翻译是最扎实的句子理解训练，最好能够抄写在额外的小本子上;(翻译时越纠结，印象就越深刻);
(2)真题解答将能够矫正我们对于难句的理解
(3)我们的微信课堂 “百段写”第一课活动将是基于今天翻译的句子扩充开来的;
课堂内容1：难句翻译
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
参考翻译：
如果空隙很大,其中的水会以水滴形式存在,(水滴)太重超过吸引它的表面张力, 就会流走;但如果空隙足够小,水会以薄膜形式存在,(薄膜)太轻无法克服使它保持原 位的表面张力,从而使水被牢牢地留住(在空隙表面上)。
英文原文:
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
TPO-1 (2005.11.8): Groundwater
课堂内容2：与本次句子翻译相关的阅读题目
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.
ace tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it is strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.
B. Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small pores through surface tension.
C. Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.
the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.
答案为：A
知识点小结:
1. 词组“exist as”意思是“作为......而存在,以......的形态存在”,比如:
a. Matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.
(以......的`形态存在)
物质以固体、液体或气体的形态存在。
b. Though scattered and persecuted, the Jews still exist as a nation
(作为......而存在)
虽然被离散并受迫害,今天犹太人依然作为一个民族生存了下来。
2.“too... to”是个很常见的句型,意思是“太......以至于不能......”,简单的用法大家肯定 都了解,比如: This question is too difficult for me to answer.(这个问题太难了,我回答 不出来。)但是如果此句型经过一番改造,变得略微复杂时,比如本句中“too... to”之 间的内容就比较长,有些同学就容易犯晕了。
看句子时要看到以下骨架“sth. +is + too + adj./n. + for sb./sth. + to do sth.”。“for”后面 的“sb./sth.”是“to do”部分动作的执行者,该部分可有可无。重要的是大家看到长句子 前面的“too”时,就应该有意识地去找后面的“to”,只要找到这个结构,再长、再复杂 的句子也就都容易攻下了。
3. 要弄清楚“holding them in place”是分词短语作修饰语,修饰前面的名词“the force of surface tension”。长难句中经常会出现分词短语作修饰语的情况,分词短语包括现在分 词 v-ing 和过去分词 v-ed 两种形式。其实分词短语作修饰语就相当于一个定语从句,大 家不妨看看以下这几个例子:
a. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 相当于:Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.
b. Thin films are too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place. 相当于:Thin films are too light to overcome the force of surface tension which holds them in place.
至于什么时候用现在分词,什么时候用过去分词,这要看句子的先行词和动作之间的 关系。如果是主动关系,我们则用现在分词,比如“the force of surface tension”(表面张力) 和“hold”之间是主动关系,所以原句中为“ing them...”;如果是被动关系,则用 过去分词,比如“people”和“invite”之间是“被邀请”的关系,这也是刚刚我们在表达 的时候使用“Most of the people invited...”的缘由。
