託福閲讀詞彙題應對技巧
導語：不同的題型都有不同的答題技巧，使用恰當的答題技巧能讓你在考試中用時更少，正確率更高。下面小編帶來託福閲讀詞彙題應對技巧，幫助大家在英語閲讀中取得更高的分數。
託福閲讀中有一類題型讓人頭疼不已，就是我們常見的詞彙題，即選擇四個選項裏和文章中的某個詞彙意義相同的單詞。通常被考到的詞彙也是非常關鍵性的，對理解文章整個的大意或整段的`核心思想有着緊密聯繫。
在文章中被考到的單詞或短語會被用陰影標識出來
In the case of a word, the question might be :
The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to
In the case of a phrase, the question might be :
In stating X, the author means that
The phrase X in the passage is closest in meaning to
其中，以第一種形式，也就是考察考生某單詞在文章上下文中意思的問題類型最為常見。
那麼，該如何答題：
1. 在文章中定位到陰影標識的單詞或短語。
2. 仔細閲讀該詞或短語所在句子。
3. 在句子中尋找可以幫助理解陰影標識的單詞或短語的具體意思的線索。
4. 選擇答案，並將所選擇的單詞或短語放入原文進行檢驗，以確認這個句子在全文中仍是有意義的。
選擇答案時，不要僅僅因為某個選項符合該單詞的某一個正確意思就將其作為正確選項;題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一個詞義。
如何利用各種線索
結構線索(即指明句子中各成分之間關係的特定單詞、短語和語法結構)
1. 對比
Example: OG Practice Set 5, question 6
Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed…
The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ made progress
○ became active
○ caused changes
○ combined forces
解析：單詞readily所在的文章句子中出現轉折詞but, 根據文章中but後面的內容我們可以得出短語gathered some momentum在此句中的意思為made progress。
2. 例子
Example: OG Practice Set 4, question 10
Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ mistrust
○ misinterpret
○ criticize
○ resent
解析：distort所在的文章句子後出現“for example”, 根據for example中的內容，我們可以得出distort在此句中的意思為misinterpret。
3. 並列信息
Example: OG Practice Set 5, question 3
Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ prolonged
○ established
○ followed
○ upset
解析：disrupt在的文章句子中出現and連接的並列信息hurt, 根據這一併列信息，我們可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思為upset。
4. 因果關係
Example: OG Practice Set 6, question 1
Passage 1: …Feeding, courtship, preproduction, and even “rest” are carried out while in constant motion. As a result, practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming “machines” is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.
The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ use
○ improve
○ counteract
○ balance
解析：enhance在的文章句子中出現表示因果關係的短語as a result, 根據前一句中的原因，我們可以得出enhance在此句中的意思為improve。
5. 連詞or
Example: OG The EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS question 1
Passage 1: Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may e universal…
The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ curious
○ unhappy
○ thoughtful
○ uncertain
解析：despondent所在的文章句子中出現疑問句，疑問句中的連詞or表示選擇，因此我們可以得出despondent在此句中的意思為unhappy。
