大學英語四級必備全真模擬題
在日常學習和工作中，許多人都需要跟試題打交道，試題是命題者根據一定的考核需要編寫出來的。一份好的試題都具備什麼特點呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的大學英語四級必備全真模擬題，歡迎大家借鑑與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
12月大學英語四級全真模擬題 1
Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to your American friend Lawrence, to introduce Spring Festival in China and invite him to join you to spend this Spring Festival. Suppose you are Yuan Chao. You should write at least 120 words following the suggestions given below in Chinese:
1. 表達你對Lawrence的想念之情;
2. 介紹中國的春節;
3. 邀請Lawrence和你們一起過春節。
提示:在實考試卷中，該試題在答題卡1上。
A Letter to Lawrence
September 23, 2005
Dear Lawrence,
It has been five years since we met each other last time. How time flies! How are things with you? The happy time we spent together is always on my mind and I really hope to cet4v.com. As you know, Spring Festival, Lunar New Year, is the most favorable holiday for us Chinese. With its colorful and rich traditions, it is celebrated almost in every part of China. Everyone is indulged in the dominant atmosphere of joyous family reunion and with the fresh and vigorous look people greet the New Year.
The celebrations vary from place to place, but there are three traditions that have never differed throughout the country. First, the New Year’s Eve dinner is a symbol of family reunion, with all family members sitting around the steaming table, tasting a variety of delicious food and wishing each other health, success and happiness. Second, people, during the holidays, will visit each other to express their best regards and wishes. And finally, we can enjoy the marvelous lion and dragon dances symbolizing happiness, good fortune and prosperity.
The day is drawing nearer, my families and I sincerely invite you to join us for this year’s Spring Festival. If you’d like to, we can make further arrangements. Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Yuan Chao
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,mark
Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with information given in the passage.
Computer Crime
A computer crime is generally defined as one that involves the use of computers and software for illegal purposes. This doesn’t mean that all the crimes are new types of crime. On the contrary, many of these crimes, such as embezzlement of funds, the alteration of records, theft, vandalism, sabotage, and terrorism, can be committed without a computer. But with a computer, these offenses can be carried out more quickly and with less chance that the person responsible for the crime will be discovered.
Computer crimes are on the rise and have been for the cet4v.com. Just how much these computer crimes cost the American public is in dispute, but estimates range from ?$3 billion to ?$5 billion annually. Even the FBI, which attempts to keep track of the growth or decline of all kinds of crimes, is unable to say precisely how large a loss is involved; however, it estimates that the average take from a company hit by computer crime is ?$600,000. A number of reasons are given for the increase in computer crime: (A) more computers in use and, thus, more people who are familiar with basic computer operation; (B) more computers tied together in satellite and other data—transmission networks; and (C) the easy access of microcomputers to huge mainframe data bases.
The Criminal
Movies and newspaper stories might lead us to believe that most computer crimes are committed by teenage “hackers”—brilliant and basically good children who let their imagination and technical genius get them into trouble. But a realistic look at the crimes reveals that the offender is likely to be an employee of the firm against which the crime has been committed, i.e., an “insider”.
Difficulty of Detection and Prevention
Given the kind of person who commits a computer crime and the environment in which the crime occurs, it is often difficult to detect who the criminal is. First of all, the crime may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone discovers it.
Second, once the crime has been revealed, it is not easy to find a clear trail of evidence that leads back to the guilty party. After all, looking for “weapons” or fingerprints does not occur as it might in the investigation of more conventional crimes.
Third, there are usually no witnesses to the computer crime, even though it may be taking place in a room filled with people. Who is to say if the person at the next terminal, calmly keying in data, is doing the company’s work or committing a criminal act?
Fourth, not enough people in management and law enforcement know enough about computer technology to prevent the crimes. Authorities have to be familiar with the computer’s capabilities within a given situation to guard against its misuses. In some large cities, such as Los Angeles, police departments have set up specially trained computer crime units.
But even when an offender is caught, the investigators, attorneys (律師), judges, or juries may find the alleged crime too complicated and perplexing to handle. More attorneys are specializing in computer law and studying the computer’s potential for misuse.
After a computer crime has been discovered, many companies do not report it or prosecute (起訴) the person responsible. A company may not announce the crime out of fear that the pubic will find out the weaknesses of its computer system and lose confidence in its organization. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities (脆弱性) because they rely heavily on customer trust.
To avoid public attention, cautious companies will often settle cases of computer tampering out of court. And if cases do go to trial and the offenders are convicted, they may be punished only by a fine or light sentence because the judge or jury isn’t fully trained to understand the nature and seriousness of the crime.
Not all companies are timid in apprehending computer criminals. For example, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company decided it had to get tough on violators. So when the company discovered that one of its computer technicians had embezzled ?$200,000 by entering false benefit claims, it presented it findings to the state’s attorney and aided in the prosecution of the technician. The technician was found guilty and sentenced to prison, not just for the computer misuse, but also for grand theft and insurance fraud. Connecticut General now has a policy of reporting all incidents of theft or fraud, no matter how small.
提示:在實考試卷中，8-10題在答題卡1上。
1. The FBI knows exactly how large a loss is involved in computer crimes.
2. It has become easy for microcomputer owners to use huge mainframe data bases.
3. It is implied in the Paragraph 3 that most computer criminals are the employees of the concerned companies.
4. Many companies don?t report computer crimes because law procedures against computer crimes usually cost a lot of money.
5. When computer crime takes place in a room filled with people, there are usually many witnesses to the crime.
6. The passage is mainly about the increase of computer crimes in America and the difficulties in combating computer crimes.
7. Computer crimes are on the rise because more cheap microcomputers are available.
8. According to the passage, computer crimes has been on the rise for the last __________years.
9. Connecticut General Life Insurance company is cited as_________ of companies that took serious measures to fight against computer crimes.
10. Banks, credit card companies, and investment firms are especially sensitive about revealing their vulnerabilities because they place too much reliance on__________.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. N.
2. Y.
3. Y.
4. N.
5. N.
6. Y.
7. NG.
8. twelve
9. an example
10. customer trust
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel
47______about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re48______with health and cet4v.com face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the49_______to this ambivalence(矛盾情結) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經濟作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more50________ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be
51______by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political52________.
But strong opinions have not brought53_______. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become54_______of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The55________in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束縛). It’s what we eat—and how we56_______it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a cet4v.com.
A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty
E. constant F. defined G. vanish H. adapted
I. creative J. belief K. suspicious L. certainty
M. obsessed N. identify O. ideals
47. D 48. M 49. A 50. I
51. F 53. L 54. K 55. J 56. C
Section B
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.
The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction cet4v.com jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society’s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.
In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the cet4v.com inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere—if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.
57. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A) The scarcity of manufactured goods.
B) The value of scarce materials.
C) The manufacturing of scarce goods.
D) The cost of producing shoes.
58. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?
A) The amount of time and money spent in producing it.
B) The opportunities a person has to buy it.
C) The value of what could have been produced instead.
D) The value of the resources used in its production.
59. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources?
A) Available resources stimulate production.
B) Resources are totally independent of production.
C) Production increases as resources increase.
D) Production lessens the amount of available resources.
60. What determines the price of a good in a market economy?
A) The cost of all elements in production.B) The cost of not making other goods.
C) The efficiency of the manufacturing process.D) The quantity of materials supplied.
61. Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?
A) A family buying a dog.
B) Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.
C) Using land for a house instead of a park.
D) Staying at home instead of going to school.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental cet4v.com leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well?beings of a social group?s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻礙) attainment of the group?s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are cet4v.com promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
62. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A) The problems faced by leaders.
B) How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C) How social groups determine who will lead them.
D) The role of leaders in social groups.
63. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT___________.
A) recruitment
B) formal election process
C) specific leadership training
D) traditional cultural patterns
64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A) person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
65. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that_______.
A) few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C)“natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group
D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
66. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on ________.
A) ensuring harmonious relationships
B) sharing responsibility with group members
C) identifying new leaders
D) achieving a goal
答案與解析：
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. N.該句句意為:美國聯邦調查局確切知道計算機犯罪造成了多大損失。本題解題依據為本文第二段 “Even the FBI,which attempts…is involved”，該句大意為:儘管FBI致力於對各種犯罪的上升和下降有清晰認識，但並不能精確說明損失多大，所以與原文之意不合。
2. Y. 該句句意為:計算機擁有者很容易利用大量計算機資料庫，本題解題依據為第二段最後一段話“…the easy access of microcomputers to cet4v.com bases.”與原文之義吻合。
3. Y. 該句句意為: 本文第三段暗示大多數利用計算機犯罪者是相關公司僱員。本題解題依據為文章第三段最後一句話，其大意為: 現實情況表明很可能是該公司僱員內部人…,與原文所述之義吻合。
4. N. 該句句意為: 許多公司不舉報計算機犯罪是因為法律訴訟通常花費很多錢。解題依據為本文第九段第一和第二句話，他們不舉報是害怕公眾發現其計算機系統的弱點而對其喪失信心。據此可確定與原文所述不符。
5. N. 該句句意為: 當計算機犯罪在滿是人的房間裡發生時，通常有很多證人指證犯罪。本題解題依據為本文第六段第一句話，該句大意為:即使計算機犯罪發生在滿是人的房間裡，通常也無證人。據此可知該句所述之義與原文不符。
6. Y. 該句句意為:本篇文章主要是關於計算機犯罪的增長及與之作鬥爭的困難性，通覽全文，尤其根據小標題的提示,我們不難看出文章主要論述了計算機犯罪與日俱增及難於發覺和阻止諸方面的原因，即文章的中心思想，與原文所述主旨吻合。
7. NG.該句句意為:計算機犯罪上升是因為有更多便宜的計算機。本文第二段用a，b，c列出了計算機犯罪增加的三大原因，其中並未提及計算機便宜這一點。
8. twelve 答案依據為第二段第一句話。
9. an example “…be cited as an example”,表示“引用…來作為一個例證”答案依據為文章最後一段第二句話。但原文沒有直接照抄的語言，只能根據理解完成此空。
10. customer trust 答案依據為本文第九段最後一句話。
Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A
47. Dfeel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及後面介詞about, 可以確定選項為D項guilty, 短語feel guilty about sth. “對…感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之後又有負罪感”。
48. Mbe obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為“被…附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。
49. A本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer。
50. I 本句根據more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構成比較級，根據上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發了更多新奇的方法來酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項。
51. F本題較難。根據be 和by 確定應填入一個過去分詞。再根據上下文，上文表示“應該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”，下文通過 but 轉折，表示實際上“美國的食物已經被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項。
53. L由於橫線後面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據下文解釋，“美國人對他們所吃的食物的態度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅定的觀點也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項。
54. K系動詞become後應填入一個形容詞，和後面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of “對…感到懷疑”。
55. J本句缺一個名詞作主語，並且根據和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，“(have)belief in sth.” 相信…。
56. C本句是一般現在時，缺一個動詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項share,“share sth with sb, 與某人分享某事”。
Section B
57. B主旨題。本文三段內容均圍繞短缺原料的價值進行說明。文章第一段說明了什麼叫原料相對短缺，第二段說明了什麼叫機會成本，第三段說明了原料的價格是由什麼決定的。
58. C細節歸納題。第二段中“Every act of production uses up some of society?s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else.”說明機會成本是用可生產的其他商品來衡量的，選項C正好符合該意思。
59. D細節歸納題。第一段“Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.”說明社會總資源是有限的，用掉其中一些就會使總量減少並限制其他商品的生產。
60. A細節歸納題。文章第三段“In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depends on the cost of making it”(市場經濟條件下，商品的價格和產量取決於其成本),然後又說 “The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them.”以鞋子為例說明商品價格是由生產要求決定的。
61. C推斷題。文主要闡述了經濟學裡面的一個重要概念——“機會成本”，是講商品生產和社會資源之間的關係。A、B、D均未涉及到生產領域，只有C符合本文的主旨。
62. D主旨題。本篇主要討論不同的領導者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社會群體中所充當的角色和發揮的功能。所以D是正確答案。A、B、C選項都不能正確概括本文主旨。
63. C細節理解題。A選項的招募(recruitment)和B選項選舉程式(election process)都在第一段中作為大群體的領導者產生的方式被明確提到。D選項也在第一段中作為家庭領導者的產生的方式被明確提到。只有C選項沒有作為產生領導者的一種方式在本文中被提及。
64. A推論題。A選項意思是:某一特定群體的有效領導者，不一定就可以成為另一群體的有效領導者。這正好與第二段的意思相吻合，即領導者沒有一個固定的特點，只是符合了一個特定群體需要的人就有可能成為該群體的領導者(It seems…virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B選項和C選項的意思與本文無關。D選項意為:許多人想成為領導者，但卻很少能拿出證據來證明他們具有這樣的資格。顯然是對文章意思的曲解。
65. B細節理解題。第二段中“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of ‘natural leaders’”意思是說數十年來的研究並不能找出可靠證據來證明那些人可以成為“天生領導者”，與B項意思一致。
66. D細節理解題。第三、四段主要講了兩種型別的領導者的區別。其中instrumental leader側重於群體目標的實現，而expressive leader相對於前者並不側重於群體目標的實現，而是注重為群體成員提供情感支援，並盡力減少內部紛爭。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.)
12月大學英語四級全真模擬題 2
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If it weren’t for nicotine, people wouldn’t smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people’s moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.
Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker’s brain and very being?
The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug cet4v.com, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhance performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce rious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.
First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).
As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn’t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker’s first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain.
Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. Once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure.
Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurones – ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitters drift into the so-called synaptic space between neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message” that triggers an electrical impulse.
The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message”. An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemical, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But there’s a lot more nicotine around than the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. With repeated smoking, the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine.
Questions 1 – 7
1. Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked.
2. In spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking.
3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people’s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.
4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.
5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.
6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.
7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones.
key:
1. N 2. N 3. Y 4. Y 5. N 6. N 7. Y
二、詞彙選項
Questions 8 - 10
8. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _________ to prevent them from being addictive.
9. According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smoker’s heart rate by _________ a minute.
10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone sends _________ known as neurotransmitters.
8. 95%9. 10-20 beats 10. chemical messengers
The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the 1 computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 2 that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference 3 unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.
RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation(航空)industry, has recommended that all airlines ban(禁止)such devices from being used during “ 4 ” stages of flight, 5 take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are 6 to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.
The difficulty is 7 how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which 8 those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.
The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable(易受損的)to cet4v.com the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation 9 . As worrying, though, is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too 10 .
A) definite
B) incidents
C) effects
D) remains
E) critical
F) particularly
G) reluctant
H) refreshing
I) portable
J) enormous
K) predicting
L) liberal
M) affects
N) equipment
O) loud
key:
1. I) 2. B) 3. D) 4. E) 5. F) 6. G) 7. K) 8. M) 9. N) 10. O)
三、改錯題
Most people work to earn a living and they produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize) or manufactured (like cars). Services are such things like education, 1._________medicine, and commerce. These people provide 2.__________ goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods or services. For example, in the same 3.__________ garage a man may buy a car or some service which helps him maintain his car.The work people do is called as economic 4.__________activity. All economic activities taken together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country,or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5.__________of what people do and what they want. The work people do either provides what they need or provides the money with that they can buy essential 6.__________ commodities. Of course, most people hope to have enough money to buy commodities and services which are essential but which provide some particular 7. __________personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8. __________the cinema, and books.
The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. __________of our everyday lives. Economists cet4v.com lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are a part. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it works. The economist methods should of course be 10. __________ strictly objective and scientific.
key:
1. like → as
2. Those → Some
3. or → and
4. called as→ call
5. Such → Such an
6. that → which
7. essential → nonessential or +not
8. visits → visits to
9. basic → based
10. economist → economists
四、翻譯題
1. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back _______________(主要是由於工作中的壓力和緊張造成的).
2. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and ___________________________ (超過250萬的家庭已經擺脫貧困).
3. ______________________ (除主席之外的所有董事會成員都投票贊成我的建議)to set up a branch office in the suburbs.
4. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are ________________ (為中國的國內外貿易提供了新的增長機遇).
5. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before._____________________(發達國家尤為如此).
key:
1. mainly due to stress and tension in their work
2. more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty
3. All the board members except the Chairman voted for my proposal
4. providing new growth opportunities for Chinas cet4v.com trade
5. This is especially true of developed countries
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for health. Consequently,there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter.In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass productionof poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; but also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be additive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and nofiber.
It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example ,the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.
21.Which statement best expresses the main idea of this article?
A) People should eat any food to keep themselves healthy and strong.
B) People should eat natural foods to keep themselves healthy and strong.
C) People should eat fiber foods to keep themselves healthy and strong.
D) People should eat vegetables to keep themselves healthy and strong.
22.“Particularly processed foods” means ____.
A) foods which are particularly processed by adding chemical additives
B) foods which are particularly made by commercial farms
C) foods which are specially produced by commercial factories
D) foods which are not specially made by adding anything
23.Natural foods means ____.
A) foods good for health
B) foods not good for health
C) foods such as vegetables, fruit and grain from rich organic matters soil
D) crops from rich organic matters soil and meats of animals from healthy pastures
24.There are no vitamins, no minerals and no fibers in ____.
A) natural foods C) sugar
B) animal meats D) fruit
25.“Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories.” It means ____.
A) processed food provides us with energy
B) natural food furnishes us with vitamins and minerals
C) sugar gives us enough energy in the form of calories
D) fiber helps us to digest food
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radio begins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellites orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth.No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can.
The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations—add,subtract, multiply and divide—with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.
Once it is given a “program” — that is, a carefully workedout set of instructions devised by a technician trained in computer language — a computer cagather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.
Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a highpowered“memory” machine that “has all the answers”—or almost all.Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do.
At times computers seem almost human. They can “read” handprinted letters,play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called “thinking” machines?
Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. A computer has only a few hundred thousand parts.
For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10,000 times more complex than a computer.How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.
26.In the first paragraph, the author thinks an electronic computer can ____.
A) copy down all the facts
B) remember all the facts
C) organize the facts and everything
D) copy down, remember and organize all the facts
27.“Program” means ____.
A) a plan of what is to be done
B) a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time table
C) a scheduled performance
D) series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer
28.The computer is a high powered “memory” machine, which ____.
A) has all the ready answers — or almost all to any questions
B) can remember everything
C) can store everything and work for you
D) has all the answers — or almost to all the information that has been stored
29. “Thinking” machines suggest that ____.
A) they can “read” hand printed letters etc
B) they really can think and do many other jobs
C) they even design other computers
D) they cant think, but can do something under human control
30.Can computers do whatever they want to do?Why?
A) Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.
B) No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.
C) No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.
D) No, because how a computer works is decided by human.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster .
Born near Nartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first
part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its authors attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary,and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the Englsih language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote,“ It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England…some differences exist…. No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country.” By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.
31.Webster first tried to earn his living in the field of ____.
A) education C) law
B) journalism D) medicine
32.Webster earned most of his money from the sale of his ____.
A) dictionary of 1828 C) grammar
B) spelling book D) reader
33.Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a
____.
A) teacher C) lawyer
B) student D) doctor
34.This article could be entitled ____.
A) Noah Webster and American English Spelling
B) Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English Language
C) Noah Webster
D) Noah Webster and American English Grammar
35.According to the article, Webster ____.
A) had created American English and its usages
B) had discovered American English and improved it
C) had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his country
D) had left a language which was not used in England.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow. But that was once upon a time. The days of unused land are over.Now the land has been
spoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.
At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and places to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishers. And it isnt just a matter of population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met, too. We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports.
Each of these land uses swallows up precious space.Highways and expressways alone take some 200,000 acres each year. And urban sprawl — the spreading out of cities — is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2,000. But there is only so much land to go around. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife.
It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.
36.“…the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around ”
means that ____.
A) the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk around
B) the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyone
C) the United States could provide whatever its inhabitents needs
D) the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted to
37.The sentence of “Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over” suggests that ____.
A) the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys,too
B) the rivers could be damed later
C) rural valleys would be considered in the future
D) people neednt think of the rivers and valleys
38.“Now the land has been spoken for, …” tells us that ____.
A) today, land has shown its values
B) now, people have said something about land
C) nowadays, land has been claimed by human beings
D) recently, people spoke for the land
39.The phrase of “swallows up” informed us that ____.
A) these usages of land have good results
B) these lands must be used totally
C) the precious space was taken completely
D) the precious space were eaten up
40.The word “sprawl” indicates that ____.
A) cities are developing very fast to meet the peoples demands
B) urban areas are diminishing smoothly
C) urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned way
D) cities are spreading out without any plans
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each
sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.So frightened ____ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.
A) was the girl C) such a girl was
B) the girl was D) that the girl was
42.The students ____ the exercises, the teacher went on to explain the text.
A) doing C) having done
B) did D) to do
43.They talked about things and persons ____ they remembered in the school.
A) who C) that
B) which D) what
44.Such an obvious error ____ this would be avoided, if you were more careful.
A) like C) as
B) with D) of
45.They remained full of hope and determination ____ their repeated failures.
A) instead of C) because of
B) in search of D) in spite of
46.The car ____ seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten oclock tonight.
A) goes C) went
B) will go D) will be going
47.He kept rubbing the child until ____ he fell asleep.
A) long after C) before long
B) soon after D) long before
48. ____ his youth and inexperience, he is not suitable for the job.
A) Seeing C) Having seen
B) Seen D) To see
49.When you ____ the test, check your papers before you hand them in.
A) will finish C) will have finished
B) are finishing D) have finished
50.I am interested in ____ you have told me.
A) which C) that
B) all what D) all that
51.No other quality is more important for a scientist to acquire
____ to observe carefully.
A) as C) and
B) than D) but
52.They were just about to give up the question, ____ suddenly they found the answer.
A) as C) when
B) while D) the moment
53.It was ____ then that I came to know that knowledge comes from practice.
A) until C) till
B) not until D) since
54.The worlds supplies of petroleum ____.
A) have been gradually being exhausted
B) have gradually exhausted
C) are gradually exhausted
D) are being gradually exhausted
55.Everything depends on ____ we have enough time.
A) if C) whether
B) when D) that
56.Id just as soon ____ rudely to her.
A) you not speak C) you didnt speak
B) your not speaking D) you hadnt spoken
57.The concert was so interesting that we all felt it ended ____ soon.
A) but too C) very
B) only too D) too
58.The roar of the crowd finally ____ to a murmur.
A) reduced C) decreased
B) diminished D) cut down
59.Its very discourteous to ____ during some ones conversation.
A) inspect C) interfere
B) interrupt D) instruct
60.Sometimes even the smallest thing will upset an ____ person.
A) annoyed C) irritable
B) irritated D) angry
61.The conversation was so interesting that we were ____ of the lateness of the hour.
A) negligible C) irrelevant
B) inattentive D) oblivious
62.The rainbow is one of the most beautiful ____ in nature.
A) phenomenon C) appearance
B) phenomena D) experience
63.It is ____ that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.
A) serious C) significant
B) great D) vital
64.The performance will begin ____ at eightthirty.
A) precisely C) accordingly
B) consequently D) exceedingly
65.Mr.Smith, a chemistry teacher, never stops ____ new and better ways to improve his teaching.
A) discovering C) searching for
B) looking for D) finding out
66.People greatly differ ____ their views of life.
A) from C) at
B) to D) in
67.The geographical location of Hubei is quite favorable for agricultural production. Its ____ the land of fish and rice.
A) famous for C) known as
B) known by D) known to
68.The officials called for an immediate ____ to determine the cause of the accident.
A) investigation C) notification
B) preparation D) obligation
69.People usually ____ certain foods by keeping them in a refrigerator or freezer.
A) store C) keep
B) hold D) preserve
70.The girl carefully ____ every mispelled word on the page.
A) surrounded C) encircled
B) draw D) place
Part Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, there are five items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in the Reading Comprehension of the Test Paper. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.
71.Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for health.(Passage 1,Paragraph 1)
72.It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare.(Passage 1,Paragraph 5)
73.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed.(Passage 2, Paragraph 4)
74.For some time to come, then we can safely say that our brains are at least 10000 times more complex than a computer.How to use them is forus, not the computer, to decide.(Passage 2,Paragraph 6)
75.From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. (passage 3)
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Advertising”. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.
1. 廣告的目的。
2. 為什麼要做廣告。
3. 廠商做廣告的真實原因。
參考答案：
Part Ⅱ
1
短文大意
人們越來越多地意識到需要改變飲食習慣，而對天然的食物表現出更多的興趣，因為天然食物不含化學新增劑，沒有被化肥汙染。天然食物，像蔬菜，水果和穀類生長在土壤裡。富含有機物，能提供人體所需的維生素和礦物質，而化肥的使用沒有顧及到食物的質量而是數量。天然食品還包括那些可以自由活動在良好牧場的動物，而那種大量生產家禽的農場裡生產的雞和蛋都缺少重要的維生素，而且不那 麼美味。關於飲食健康，專家們逐漸注意到一些另外的方面，如糖的問題。糖的人均消耗量逐年上升，但糖只以熱量的形式提供能量，並不含維生素，礦物質和纖維，如今纖維被認為是健康飲食的重要組成部分。
21.答案B。
【參考譯文】 下面哪一項最好地表達了本文的主要內容 ?
【試題分析】 此題考查對全文主旨的理解。
【詳細解答】 根據文章內容 ,健康食品應該是一切天然食品,而不僅僅是蔬菜,纖維食品和其它的食品。
22.答案A。
【參考譯文】 “特別是加工食品”，意思是“特別是加了化學新增劑的食品”。
【試題分析】 此題考查細節理解。
【詳細解答】 加工食品實際上是加了化學新增劑的食品 ,它既不是商業農場,商業工廠生產的食品 ,也不是其它未作特殊處理的食品。見文章第一段。
23.答案D。
【參考譯文】 天然食品是指……
【試題分析】 此題考查對文章主題的範圍及定義的理解。
【詳細解答】 天然食品是指從有豐富有機物的土壤裡生長出的農作物和生活在有益於健康的牧場上自由覓食 ,自由奔跑的動物的肉類。文章第二段第一句及第三段第一句提供了此
答案。
24.答案C。
【參考譯文】 不含維生素、礦物質，也不含纖維的是……
【試題分析】 此題考查細節。
【詳細解答】 糖既不含維生素 ,礦物質,也無任何纖維。參見文章第四段最後兩句話。
25.答案C。
【參考譯文】 “然而糖所能做的就是以卡路里 (熱量單位)的形式，給我們提供能量”。
【試題分析】 本題為結合上下文理解細節題。
【詳細解答】 由上下文可知，句中的“ it”指代的是“糖”，而非其他。
2
短文大意
火箭將衛星發射到天空，幾分鐘之後，在 300英里的高度上，這一微型電子月球就開始繞地球執行，並迅速地向地球回送各種資訊。人類本身沒法複製所有這些資訊，更不能記住並整理這些資訊，而電子計算機卻能，電子計算機自 1946年開始運用，可以以光的速度進行精確的計算，比人的速度快50萬倍。一旦輸入某種程式，計算機可以收集大範圍的資訊，科學家可利用它獲得太空或海洋深處的資訊;在商業，工業，銀行等部門，計算機能提供各種不同的服務。計算機不僅能收集資訊，還能儘快地儲存信 息，一旦需要，就能輸出這些資訊，還能解決複雜的問題。有時計算機幾乎跟人一樣，可以辨認手寫的字，可以下棋，作曲，寫劇本;甚至設計別的計算機，有時被 稱為“有思維的機器”也不奇怪。儘管如此計算機還是代替不了人類，人類大腦比計算機至少複雜上萬倍，如何使用計算機是由我們而不是由計算機決定。
26.答案D。
【參考譯文】 第一段中，作者認為電子計算機能夠……
【試題分析】 此題為段落大意理解題。
【詳細解答】 計算機既能複製 ,又能儲存,還能排序。由文章第一段最後兩句話可以選對
此題答案。
27.答案D。
【參考譯文】 文中“ program”一詞的意思是……
【試題分析】 此題考查對長句子資訊的把握。
【詳細解答】 program可作“電視節目”講,但本文中意為“程式”,即一連串的用來控制計算機操作的編碼指令,而不是電視臺要播出的節目。參見文章第三段開頭一句不難得出答案D。
28.答案D。
【參考譯文】 計算機是一種大功率儲存器，它……
【試題分析】 此題為細節理解題。
【詳細解答】 計算機是大功率儲存器 ,它能提供一切有關它所儲存了的資訊的答案。另外，由第四段第二句話可以找出此題的答案。
29.答案D。
【參考譯文】 “善於思考”的機器，意味著……
【試題分析】 本題為細節理解題。
【詳細解答】 “善於思考”的機器 ,並不能思考,而是能在人們的控制下完成一些指定的任務。見文章倒數第二段。
30.答案D。
【參考譯文】 計算機想做什麼就能做什麼嗎 ?為什麼?
【試題分析】 本題為判斷題。
【詳細解答】 計算機不是為所欲為的 ,因為人類決定它能做什麼不能做什麼。見文章最後一段話，而且根據常識我們也可以判斷。
3
短文大意
本文是一篇人物介紹。 Noah Webster(1758—1843)出生於美國康涅狄格州，曾就讀於耶魯大學，後來開始從事律師工作，因這一行業不景氣，所以改行教書。教書過程中，他發現所使用的課本不令人滿意，而且由於美國革命而減少了課本的發行，所以他開始編寫有關拼寫，語法和閱讀書籍。這在美國是最早的也獲得了巨大的成功。《美國拼寫法》，這本書在十九世紀售出 8千萬冊。Webster因此而獲得了一筆收入作為他後半生生活的主要來源。這本書不僅對一代又一代學生產生了巨大影響，而且也使Webster自己將其 注意力轉向研究語言的問題，後來他編寫了他的鉅著《美國英語詞典》共有兩卷，1828年出版。其目的是表明英語在美國是真正的美國貨，應該以美國人自己獨 特的角度來看待。他寫道：“美國英語不僅重要，而且必要，美國人應該有自己的美國英語詞典。儘管語言形式大體相同，但依然存在區別…”他採用美式拼法，注 上美式發音和美國意思，還特別引用美國作家們的語言，這在很大程度上使他這部作品名副其實。如果多年後有人依然懷疑獨立的美語的存在的話，無論如何他的貢獻在美國英語發展史上樹了一個里程碑。
31.答案C。
【參考譯文】 Webster開始是靠當律師維持生計的。
【試題分析】 此題為細節題。
【詳細解答】 見文章第二句話，他就讀於耶魯大學，後來開始從事律師工作，這裡 began to practice law是關鍵。
32.答案B。
【參考譯文】 他大部分的經濟收入來源於他的拼寫書的銷售。
【試題分析】 此題為尋找具體資訊題。
【詳細解答】 見文中“ From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life.”這句話，聯絡上下文得知，Webster的生活來源主要是靠出售《美國拼寫法》一書所得收入，而不是靠出售他編撰的字典，語法和簡易讀物。
33.答案A。
【參考譯文】 顯然當 Webster還是教師的時候就出版了他的第一批著作。
【試題分析】 此題為直接推測題。
【詳細解答】 此題可用排除法。文中沒有提到 doctor一詞，所以很容易排除。文中也沒提到他在當學生期間的貢獻或成就，他開始是律師，但後來改行當了教師，是在執教期間寫的書。
34.答案C。
【參考譯文】 本文的標題可能是……
【試題分析】 此題考查文章內容的範圍。
【詳細解答】 N.Webster只有這個題目能包含和反映全文的一切內容。
35.答案C。
【參考譯文】 根據本文所述， Webster付出了最大努力，在美國英語發展史上樹立了一個里程牌。
【試題分析】 此題為判斷題。
【詳細解答】 此題可用排除法。 A不對，因為文中並沒有提出 Webster創造出美國英語及其用途，他只是想表明美國英語與英國英語存在著區別。 B也不對，因為文中沒提及他改進了美國英語。 D在文中也沒有提到，而且根據常識也可判斷D錯。
4
短文大意
從前的美國似乎有足夠的土地讓人們分享利用，但現在一切土地都有其主了;同時人口不
斷增長，所以需要更多的場所，工作和娛樂。但問題不只包括人口增長，還包括滿足現代技術的需要：更多的煤提供能量，更多的電廠，有汽車又須有高 速公路，停車場，有飛機須有機場。寶貴的空間完全被佔用了。僅公路就每年佔用 20萬英畝的土地，城市向郊區的蔓延侵吞了大面積的土地。儘管如此，但是有那麼多土地可供利用，因此很難決定該如何利用。例如森林，可以提供木材，也可以是野生動物的活動場所，可以作為人類娛樂場所和風景點，還可以有利於保護水土流失。
36.答案B。
【參考譯文】 美國過去似乎有足夠的土地讓人們分享意指……
【試題分析】 此題考查難句的理解。
【詳細解答】 句中關鍵片語“ go around”意為“be enough for everyone”，而不是“walk around”的意思，所以選B。
37.答案A。
【參考譯文】 句子“還有很多河流和峽谷”意指……
【試題分析】 此題考查對上下文的理解。
【詳細解答】 這實際上是由兩個名詞短語 plenty of rivers和plenty of rural valleys組成，“ to dam”和“left over”分別是動詞不定式和過去分詞短語修飾前面的兩個片語，這裡所表達的意思是美國還有很多河流可以在其上築壩還剩下有許多峽谷可以利用。
38.答案C。
【參考譯文】 “現在一切土地都有其主了”告訴我們……
【試題分析】 此題考查難句的理解。
【詳細解答】 句中片語“ speak for sth.”常用於被動語態，意思是“get the right to sth. in advance; reserve”，另外，根據上下文，運用排除法，可以確定選C。
39.答案C。
【參考譯文】 通過片語“ swallows up(完全佔用)”我們知道寶貴的空間完全被佔用。
【試題分析】 此題考查句意理解。
【詳細解答】 片語“ swallow up”意思是“use up completely; cause to disappear”。
40.答案D。
【參考譯文】 “ sprawl”這個單詞表明城市的擴張沒有任何計劃。
【試題分析】 此題考查單詞在上下文中的含義。
【詳細解答】 “ sprawl”意思是“spread out ungracefully over a wide area”。所以這個詞在此表明城市擴張沒有規劃好。
Part Ⅲ
41.答案A。
【參考譯文】 那女孩在黑暗中十分害怕，不敢挪動半步。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查倒裝句。
【詳細解答】 以副詞 so, often,always,then,now等開頭的句子要用倒裝詞序。
42.答案C。
【參考譯文】 學生做完練習，老師接著講解課文。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查獨立主格結構。
【詳細解答】 分詞的邏輯主語與主語 (the teacher)不一致，這種獨立結構，在句中通常作狀語，現在分詞的完成形式主要用在狀語中表示該動作在謂語動作之前發生。故 A，B和D都不對。
43.答案C。
【參考譯文】 他們談論了一些他們想起來的學校裡的人和事。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查定語從句的引導詞。
【詳細解答】 定語從句中的關係代詞 that常用於下列幾種情況：1)先行詞中含有人和物時; 2)先行詞為anything,everything,all等不定代詞;3)先行詞被any,no,every,little,much所修飾;4)先行詞被序數詞所修飾時;5)先行詞被形容詞最高階所修飾時。
44.答案C。
【參考譯文】 像這樣明顯的錯誤，如果你仔細一點是不會發生的。
【試題分析】 此題考查固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 such as 連用表示，像……樣的,such是形容詞修飾error,as是關係代詞引導定語從句“as(is)this”，修飾先行詞error。 with表示“和”，“跟”，不能與such連用。error前如沒有such,可選A，of不能同such連用。
45.答案D。
【參考譯文】 儘管多次失敗，但他們仍然充滿希望和決心。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 instead of表示“代替，充當”，後接名詞，代詞，動名詞;in search of尋找，尋求，後接名詞，代詞，動名詞;in spite of表示“儘管，不顧”，引出讓步狀語;because of因為，由於，後接名詞，代詞，動名詞。
46.答案D。
【參考譯文】 汽車每小時計劃行駛 70公里才能在今晚10點左右到達河邊。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查時態。
【詳細解答】 將來進行時表示預計即將發生的或計劃在未來將要發生的動作，含有已經安排好的意思。而一般將來時則表示將來的動作或狀態。
47.答案A。
【參考譯文】 直到孩子入睡很久了，他還在不斷地輕拍著孩子。
【試題分析】 此題為片語辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 long after在……後很久，在句中作狀語;before long是一個表示時間的介詞短語，表示不久的未來;long before表示很久以前，老早。before為介詞，before也可為連詞，接從句，表示早在……之前，在……很久以前;soon after在……後不久其後接時間名詞或從句。
48.答案A。
【參考譯文】 鑑於太年輕，又沒有經驗，他不適合做這項工作。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查句子結構。
【詳細解答】 seeing(that)=since表示“鑑於，看到”，說明一種明顯的理由或原因，其後可接名詞構成原因狀語。
49.答案D。
【參考譯文】 試題做完後，上交之前檢查一下你的試卷。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查時態。
【詳細解答】 現在完成時可以用在表示時間或條件的狀語從句中，表示將來某時業已完成的動作，而且還表示此動作在另一個動作之前完成。
50.答案D。
【參考譯文】 我對你告訴我的一切都感興趣。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查定語從句引導詞。
【詳細解答】 關係代詞 which, that引導定語從句，其前一定有先行詞，據此可排除A，C。what引導從句時，其前不能有名詞或代詞，故B不可選。all that中all是先行詞，that是關係代詞，引導定語從句修飾all。因此只能選用D。
51.答案B。
【參考譯文】 仔細觀察是一個科學家要具備的最重要的品格。或：對科學家而言，沒有什麼別的品格比觀察細緻更重要。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 more important比較級後通常接than; as不能與more連用。and和but是連詞;and表示並列，but表示轉折。
52.答案C。
【參考譯文】 他們正打算放棄這個問題，這時突然找到了答案。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 when表示“那時，這時”其前一般有逗號，並列前後兩個句子。as, while,當……時候。the moment (=as soon as)都不符合句意。
53.答案B。
【參考譯文】 直到那時我才逐漸明白知識來自於實踐。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查強調句型。
【詳細解答】 這是一個 it is…that強調句型，強調部分是not until then。如果not until短語放在句首，句子則用倒裝結構。此句not until未放於句首，故不用倒裝句式。54.答案D。
【參考譯文】 世界石油儲備正在逐漸枯竭。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查被動語態。
【詳細解答】 現在進行時可以表示一種現在暫時性的動作 (即指現階段的供應情況，以後供應情況怎樣則不得而知 )。一般現在時則表示過去，現在，將來經常性的短缺。另外“exhaust”一詞是及物動詞。
55.答案C。
【參考譯文】 一切都在於我們是否有足夠的時間。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查賓語從句。
【詳細解答】 if和whether引導賓語從句，通常可互換，但在介詞之後通常用whether。如賓語從句置於主句之前，則也要用 whether。例如Whether he enjoys reading, I wonder。
56.答案C。
【參考譯文】 我倒寧願你對她講話不要那麼不客氣。
【試題分析】 此題為語法題，考查虛擬語氣。
【詳細解答】 would just as soon (=would rather, had rather或had just as soon)意為“寧願”後接從句時，其從句謂語動詞要用一般過去時表示虛擬語氣。
57.答案A。
【參考譯文】 這場音樂會太有趣了，我們都覺得結束太快了。
【試題分析】 此題為詞彙題。
【詳細解答】 only too和very意思大體相同，但only too語氣要比 very的強些，常與glad,pleased表示感情或意願的形容詞搭配。例如：Im only too happy to assist you. But too的語氣比only too更強，常常帶有幾分遺憾或可惜的意味。
58.答案B。
【參考譯文】 人群的吵鬧聲最終減弱成一種低嘀聲。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 reduce指在數量，大小，尺寸，速度等級上的減少或降低;diminish指逐漸地變少; decrease使某物變得少;cut down砍倒，削減。
59.答案B。
【參考譯文】 打斷人家談話是很不禮貌的行為。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 inspect檢查，審查;interrupt打擾，打斷，指用打斷某事或某人說話的方式來打擾; interfere干擾，妨礙，指阻止妨礙某人或某事;instruct指導，教育。
60.答案C。
【參考譯文】 有時即使是最小的事情也會擾亂易怒的人。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 annoyed指被弄得有點發怒，不耐煩;irritated指因為某事的煩擾而生氣;irritable指非常容易生氣的人;angry指對某事感到不愉快。
61.答案D。
【參考譯文】 我們談得很投機以致於忘了時間 (很晚了)。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 negligible無關重要的;inattentive不注意的，忽視的，指不能將注意力集中在某一點上;irrelevant不相干的，無關的;oblivious忘記的，不注意的，由於深思、沒有注意到而忘記的，忽略了的。
62.答案B。
【參考譯文】 彩虹是最美的自然現象之一。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 phenomena是phenomenon的複數形式;phenomenon現象;appearance外表，出現;experience經驗，閱歷。
63.答案C。
【參考譯文】 重要的是現在纖維被認為是健康飲食的重要組成部分。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詳細解答】 serious嚴重的，嚴肅的，強調動作、行為對某事產生緊急或意想不到的後果;great巨大的，高貴的;significant重大的，強調重要的，有意義的，完美的;vital至關重要的，急需的，對有生命事物的至關重要性。
64.答案A。
【參考譯文】 演出將在八點半準時開始。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詳細解答】 precisely確切地，精確地;consequently因而，所以;accordingly相應地;exceedingly極度地，非常地。
65.答案C。
【參考譯文】 史密斯先生是位化學教師，他從未停止探索新的更好的辦法以改進他的教學。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 discover發現，探索;look for採集，尋找，指尋找自己想得到的東西或想見的人; search for探求，搜尋，花費極大的氣力搜尋某個特定的目標，為找到某人某物而進行的搜尋;find out查出來，顯示，表示通過觀察或調查找出原因或發現祕密，錯誤等。
66.答案D。
【參考譯文】 人們在生活的觀點上很不相同。
【試題分析】 此題考查句意理解及詞的搭配。
【詳細解答】 differ from表示A不同意B或A與B持不同意見，還可以表示一種東西不同於另一種東西;differ in表示在某方面不同或持不同意見。
67.答案A。
【參考譯文】 湖北省的地理位置對農業生產是十分有利的，它以“魚米之鄉”著稱。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詳細解答】 famous for表示以某事或某物而出名;known by表示根據(按照)...而得知的意思;known as 表示以什麼身份而出名;known to表示為某人所知，聞名於某處，其後一般接“人”或地方。
68.答案A。
【參考譯文】 領導們要求立即展開調查，查明事故的起因。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 investigation調查，研究;preparation準備，預備;notification通知，通報;obligation義務，職責。
69.答案D。
【參考譯文】 人們通常把某些食物放在冰箱裡或是冷凍庫裡儲藏。
【試題分析】 此題為詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 store儲存，指儲存起來以便以後使用;hold保持，指某一物體保持在某一位置或狀態; keep保持，指把某物保持一段時間;preserve儲存，保藏，指安全地儲存好某物或儲存某物不使其被用完。
70.答案C。
【參考譯文】 那個女孩把那一頁上的每個拼寫錯了的詞都劃上圈。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詳細解答】 surround包圍，圍繞，指把某物的四周圍住;draw繪製，畫;encircle環繞，合圍，指在某物四周圍上一圈;place放置，安插。
Part Ⅳ
71.【參考譯文】 過去的十年間，人們——特別是青年人——逐漸意識到需要改變其飲食習慣，因為他們吃的許多食品尤其是精製食品不利於健康。
【翻譯技巧】 此題需用詞性轉換法，並調整語序。
【翻譯點評】 句中 increasingly意為“逐漸地，越來越多地”，需要放在become和aware之間來翻譯，另外“ the need to change…”如果譯為“改變……的需要”就沒有譯成“需要改變……”來得直接，通暢。
72.【參考譯文】 一種有趣的現象表明，只要人們的飲食含有大量的粗麵粉和蔬菜，某些疾病在那些國家就相應減少。
【翻譯技巧】 此題需注意詞序的調整，兼有條件狀語從句作用的定語從句的翻譯，及句子結構的分析。
【翻譯點評】 首先搞清楚本句結構很重要， It是形式主語，動詞不定式短語to note that…comparatively rare是真正主語。但如果機械地譯為“注意到在那些……的國家裡，某些疾病相對少見是很有趣的”，就顯得太頭重腳輕了，所以譯為“一種有趣的現象表 明……”，動詞“ note”後面的賓語從句中，名詞“countries”後面帶有where引導的定語從句修飾，但這裡“人們的飲食含有大量粗麵粉和蔬菜”，和後面的 “某些疾病就相應較少見”之間有種必然的條件關係，所以加上“只要……，就……”使譯文更有邏輯性。
73.【參考譯文】 計算機不僅能收集資訊，還能以收集資訊的同樣快的速
度把它們儲存起來，一旦需要就可以隨時將它們輸送出來。
【翻譯技巧】 此題需用增 (減)詞法，長句短譯法。
【翻譯點評】 首先注意 not only…but also這個倒裝句，翻譯時應還原，另外還要注意 “ can pour them out whenever they are needed”的翻譯，whenever they are needed譯為“一旦需要”就此譯為“無論什麼時候需要”更簡潔、流暢。
74.【參考譯文】 我們有把握地說在未來的一段時間內，我們的大腦至少要比計算機複雜一萬倍。我們怎麼使用它們是由我們而不是由計算機決定的。
【翻譯技巧】 此題需注意句子順序的調整。
【翻譯點評】 此題只要弄清“ for some time to come”就不難翻譯這個片語意思是“在未來的一段時間內”。
75.【參考譯文】 從每一本書不足一美分的利潤中，韋布斯特賺取了他後半生的大部分收入。
【試題分析】 此題需注意句子順序。
【詳細解答】 句中 for the rest of his life需提到most of his income之前翻譯。
Part Ⅴ
寫作指導
這是一篇關於廣告的議論文，考生應根據題目所給出的結構進行展開，千萬不可因為熟悉“廣告”這一題材就浮想聯翩，下筆千言卻離題萬里。首先弄 清楚每一段的內容及各段之間有何聯絡，不要在寫完了第一段之後，發現要寫的第二段的內容已在前一段寫過了，所以寫之前先構思，找個腹稿，或在稿紙上寫上要點。
在範文中，第一段指出廣告的目的有的是讓消費者知道其產品和服務，但大多數廣告是為 了說服人們買這而不是買那。第二段指出廣告是推銷產品的手段，做廣告讓消費者清楚某種品牌比其他的更有優勢是十分必要的。即做廣告的必要性及原因，最後一段寫廠商做廣告的起初原因是因為他們發現花一筆錢對其產品做廣告總的來說比降價出售更有利。
Sample Writing
Advertising
A certain amount of advertising is of an informative kind, the aim simply being to let consumers know what goods and services are available—“consumer education” as it is sometimes called. Most advertising, however, is of a persuasive or competitive kind, the aim of which is to persuade people to buy one thing rather than something else.
Advertising is a selling cost particularly associated with imperfect competition. Advertising is a way of marketing goods. In the sale of branded goods, advertising is essential in order to try to impress on consumers that one makers brand is superior to all others, although in fact the only difference between brands may sometimes be in their trade marks and labels.
Any producer with some degree of monopoly, however slight, will generally find it more advantageous to advertise his products widely and at considerable expense rather than cut his prices.
