關於冬至的由來和習俗大綱

冬至日時，太陽直射地面位置到達一年的最南端，北半球得到的陽光最少，比南半球少50%;北半球白晝達到最短，且越往北白晝越短。以下是本站小編精心為大家整理的關於冬至的由來和習俗，希望對大家瞭解冬至有所幫助!更多內容請關注應屆畢業生網!

　　The origin of the winter solstice:

Winter solstice is the earliest in the 24 solar terms is to formulate a, yet most people don't know, the origin of the winter solstice was from a national level of city planning. Beginning as early as 3000 years ago, duke of earth, the method of measuring the shadow, in cities are measured position of the world, pronounce this soil, it has political significance at that time, was influenced the thousands of years of festivals.

Zhou to luoyang, in the clay, the method of measurement of luoyang's place is the "world", and then start the auspicious to divination fighters. The ministers, letters patent "records: the duke of zhou" as to los division ", for in several places around the luoyang, finally determine the water the chan water east, west, east the chan water all "but lo feed" (are good places to build temple state of). Duke of los city is selected via "scene" soil, the test base of historical facts, into the ancient classics, also be remembered as a sealing method of the founding of the bond.

The purpose of "scene" soil, the test is to identify the "soil" (center) in China. The essence of this method is the "tree table of eight feet, the summer solstice, scene feet five inches long; the winter solstice, king long a post, the three feet five inches" (i.e. perked up to 8 feet high, benchmarking in midsummer observation, it is 1.5 feet, at noon the winter solstice at noon it is 13.5 feet), "measuring soil deep, is it, please, 4 test". In this way is "soil", as measured by luoyang, "los city" theory.

In accordance with the duke of zhou of the shadow of the world, ers out detailed planning the business after the first national capital, and "shifu book for Luo" : "is make in dayi into weeks in soil,... south in waterinfo, north from MangShan, thought the world gather together." . "Tianbao, according to the day room," fighters (temple) of capital, after completion, duke of zhou in into Zhou Mingtang musicians, to formulate the national etiquette system in detail, according to the record, the zhou dynasty in winter in November for the first month, to the winter solstice as the beginning of a New Year, that is to say, the duke of zhou is selected by the soil, the method of the "shadow" the longest day of the year, for the New Year's day.

By thoughtful of the qin dynasty, in order to at the winter solstice as has been the same. To the han dynasty, hanshu have cloud: "winter solstice sun be the spirit, jun long, reason,..." That is, people first to winter festival is to celebrate the arrival of the New Year.

The ancients thought since the winter solstice, sun be the spirit of heaven and earth began to gradually strong, representing the next cycle, is a fine day. Later, therefore, generally during the Spring Festival of ancestor worship, family dinners and other customs, also often appear in the winter solstice. The winter solstice is also known as the "off-year", a year is approaching, yuri few; The second is the importance of the winter solstice. As the festival of celebrating the winter solstice is the result of the zhou dynasty, sheng in the tang and song dynasty, and down to the present day. Week the for a summer day in November, therefore, in the first month in the zhou dynasty is now in November, worship, and He Dong not respectively. It was not until after emperor adopts a summer, separate in the first month and the winter solstice. Therefore, special "winter solstice festival" is the han dynasty and prosperous in the tang and song dynasty, down to the present day.

　　The custom of the winter solstice:

Starting from the winter solstice day grew. Since the han and tang dynasties, palace maid after the winter solstice of sewing, to use a line every day. This is the folk say "eat the winter solstice rice, a long line". "The nine" from the winter solstice start, people tend to draw a mei, on this day in eighty-one a disc, called "jiujiu away cold figure", painted in red disc, every day with everything and "nine", so the winter solstice is also called "bitter".

Winter solstice this day is the longest night of the year, many people use this night, made from glutinous rice flour "winter solstice circle", in order to distinguish it from the later "today" on the eve of the Spring Festival, the day before the holiday is called "add," or "the age", "years" said haven't finished, but they are older.

Some "dry winter m" on this day. Is the rice washing with water, after the day of sunlight collection, for sick people cook porridge to eat in the future.

　　冬至的由來：

冬至是24節氣中最早被制訂的一個，然而多數人並不知道，冬至的起源居然是來自於一次國家層面的都城規劃。早在3000多年前，周公始用土圭法測影，在洛邑測得天下之中的位置，定此為土中，這在當時有著政治意義的舉動，卻成了影響後世幾千年的節日之一。

周公到洛陽，用土圭法測得洛陽所處的地方即為“天下之中”，然後開始占卜國家社稷的吉地。《尚書·洛誥》記載：周公“朝至於洛師”，對洛陽周邊的'幾個地方做了考察，最後確定澗水東、瀍水西、瀍水東皆“惟洛食”(都是興建宗廟社稷的好地方) 。周公通過“土圭測景”選定洛邑基址的史實，被載入了古代典籍，也被後人奉為封邦建國的成法。

“土圭測景”的目的是找出“土中”(中國的中心)。這種方法的要義是“樹八尺之表，夏至日，景長尺有五寸;冬至日，景長一丈三尺五寸”(即豎起高為8尺的標杆，在夏至日觀測，中午的日影是1.5尺，冬至日中午的日影是13.5尺)， “測土深，正日影，求地中，驗四時”。 用這種方法測到的就是“土中”洛陽、“洛邑”的理論位置。

依周公測影所定的天下之中，周人詳細規劃了滅商後的第一座國家都城，《逸周書·作雒》載：“乃作大邑成周於土中，……南繫於洛水，北因於邙山，以為天下之大湊。” 。“定天保，依天室”，國家社稷(都城、宗廟)完成之後，周公在成周明堂制禮作樂，詳細制訂了國家禮儀制度， 據記載，周代以冬十一月為正月，以冬至為歲首過新年，也就是說，周公選取的是經土圭法測得的一年中“日影”最長的一天，為新的一年開始的日子。

由周到秦，以冬至日當作歲首一直不變。至漢代依然如此，《漢書》有云：“冬至陽氣起，君道長，故賀……”也就是說，人們最初過冬至節是為了慶祝新的一年的到來。

古人認為自冬至起，天地陽氣開始興作漸強，代表下一個迴圈開始，是大吉之日。因此，後來一般春節期間的祭祖、家庭聚餐等習俗，也往往出現在冬至。冬至又被稱為“小年”，一是說明年關將近，餘日不多;二是表示冬至的重要性。把冬至作為節日來過源於周代，盛於唐宋，並相沿至今。周曆的正月為夏曆的十一月，因此，周代的正月等於如今的十一月，所以拜歲和賀冬並沒有分別。直到漢武帝採用夏曆後，才把正月和冬至分開。因此，也可以說專門過“冬至節”是自漢代以後才有，盛於唐宋，相沿至今。

　　冬至的習俗：

從冬至開始白晝漸長。漢唐以來，宮女冬至後的女紅，每天要多用一根線。這也就是民間說的“吃了冬至飯，一天長一線”。從冬至開始就“入九”了，人們往往在這天畫一枝素梅，上有八十一個瓣，名為“九九消寒圖”，每天用紅色塗一瓣，塗盡就“出九”了，故而冬至又稱“數九”。

冬至這一天是一年中最長的一夜，許多人家利用這一夜，用糯米粉做"冬至圓"，為了區別於後來的春節前夕的"辭歲"，冬節的前一日叫做"添歲"或"亞歲"，表示"年"還沒過完，但大家都已經長了一歲。

有的在這一天“晒冬米”。就是把白米用水洗過，在這天的陽光下曝晒後收藏起來，留給日後有病的人煮粥吃。