託福聽力的做題技巧
基本介紹 :
IBT推斷題，是就聽力段落的某些細節給出結論或做出比較，某些時候是就某一個詞進行推理判斷。
出現位置 :
IBT推斷題通常出現在聽力部分的2個長對話和4個演講中，每個長對話一般包含一個推斷題，而每個演講中也又可能包含一個推斷題，所以推斷題在整個聽力部分的總數在2至4個左右。
出題形式
通常情況下, 推斷題都是以what 開頭的特殊疑問句, 會對上段材料中出現的一些細節提出問題, 例如:
What can be inferred about Scott Anfinson ?
A: His work is not worthy of any credit.
B: He is an archaeologist with a lot of assets.
C: He has done a lot of noteworthy jobs on Minnesota archaeology.
D: He, as a great archaeologist, donated some assets to protect the local environment.
What can be inferred about professor’s attitude toward the book he’s describing?
A: He prefers coffee than tea because drinking coffee is a patriotic act.
B: Drinking coffee was considered patriotic at the time when British colonists ruled America.
C: Coffee was heavily taxed at the time.
D: Coffee was less popular because it offered little independence to people who loved it.
What will___ probably do next?
What probably happened to ___?
What can be inferred about___?
What is probably true about___?
做題技巧 :
1. 在做題的時候注意不要過渡推斷，步驟最少的推斷最接近答案。舉個簡單的例子：某人生病了，我們不能説他去世了，只能説他身體不適或健康不佳。
2. 在推斷的時候必須基於原文，尤其是涉及自然科學的知識，在某一學科某一領域的某一概念還未被全世界的科學家普遍接受的時候，我們不能運用課外之時做出推斷。尊重談話人的態度和意見是做題的關鍵。涉及到人文科學的知識，中外分歧更大，我們更要拋棄自己的'主觀意見，站在談話人特定的歷史角色和觀點上，做出符合邏輯的推論。
3. 注意答案選項中是不是又被問對象的近似概念或同義詞，有些推斷答案就是同一概念的替換或延伸。
例文
( 一 )
Narrator: Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question.
Professor: Scott Anfinson is an incredible archaeologist and author whose work conducive to the discovery of the indigenous Indian tombs is thought to be a great asset to Minnesota archaeology.
What can be inferred about Scott Anfinson ?
A: His work is not worthy of any credit.
B: He is an archaeologist with a lot of assets.
C: He has done a lot of noteworthy jobs on Minnesota archaeology.
D: He, as a great archaeologist, donated some assets to protect the local environment.
分析 : 1.首先是正確辨別兩個詞: incredible (出色的, 驚人的) 和 asset (財富).
2. 通過分析A, 可以瞭解到是對incredible 的理解 . 在這裏頭腦一定要清晰, 因為 incredible 中的in 不表示 否定, 與incomplete(不完整的)中的in 不是一回事.特別注意該詞的構詞法,在考試中經常會出現類似的混淆構詞方法的錯誤選項;
3. 再來分析B 和D, 通過分析不難得出主要考察對asset的理解.美國人經常把某人當作asset, 即 人是世界上最大最寶貴的財富的人生哲學的體現.
4. 綜上分析, 不難得出C 為正確選項. noteworthy 意為 值得關注的, 正好切合教授話中對Scott Anfinson 的嘉許.
因此選C.
( 二 )
Narrator: Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Professor: Antipathy toward taxes on tea in Britain’s American colonies made coffee a patriotic drink for those seeking independence from the mother country; and the Green Dragon cuffed house in Boston, where the Boston Tea Party was planned, was the first headquarters of the American Revolution.
What can be inferred about professor’s attitude toward the book he’s describing?
A: He prefers coffee than tea because drinking coffee is a patriotic act.
B: Drinking coffee was considered patriotic at the time when British colonists ruled America.
C: Coffee was heavily taxed at the time.
D: Coffee was less popular because it offered little independence to people who loved it.
分析 : 1. 先來分析該段材料, 教授的第一句話是解題的關鍵. Antipathy 指 強烈的憎恨( a strong feeling of aversion or dislike ). 第一句話的大意是: 英國殖民地對茶葉徵税的做法, 使那些尋求從母國 (即英國)獨立出來的人們把咖啡當作一種愛國飲料來喝. 換一句話而言, 喝茶只是母國人民的傳統愛好, 既然我們選擇了美國, 我們當然得尋求一種與母國人民不同得愛好(比如説喝喝咖啡), 何況喝茶還要交重税.
2. 來分析A: 教授覺得喝咖啡比喝茶愛國. 文中並未言及教授的個人偏好, 錯誤.
3. 接下來分析B: 英國殖民統治時期喝咖啡被視為愛國舉動. 正確.
4. 分析C: 咖啡在英國殖民時期被徵收重税. 正好説反了, 為干擾項.
5. 最後來看D: 咖啡在那時不流行是因為它沒給愛好者帶來任何自主(的感覺). 該選項顯然不正確, 但如果考生沒聽清楚antipathy 和 independence 的關係, 該選項將會產生比較強的干擾作用.
綜上所述該題正確答案為B.
注意: 在做此列推斷題的時候, 常常會有干擾項的存在, 比如過度推斷, 談話人不支持或明確反對的觀點或結論, 不符邏輯的推斷，擴大答案的內涵和外延等等, 因此在做題的時候要切記這些選項, 不要被迷惑了!
