英語閲題分析

這類題目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必須抓住文中相關信息，順藤摸瓜，進行有理有據的分析、歸納和推理，才能找出答案。有時需要透徹理解作者的雙關語和絃外之音等。

(a)根據常識推斷

很多短文所設計的題目往往與其它方面的常識相關聯，有時需結合或根據已有的常識做出判斷。比如解答科學小品文的題目可能要用到物理或化學方面的知識，解答跟自然科學有關的題目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知識等。靠這些知識的幫助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加準確地理解短文。例如：

One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about six o’clock, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some.

One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to ________.

A. have breakfast B. have lunch C. have supper D. have a party

【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴請客人吃飯，所以D項(聚會)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，卻未明確指出到底請客人吃哪一頓飯。英語中對“dinner”一詞的解釋是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 這樣可以將A項排除。至於是B還是C，仍然不能確定。再看下文中的“When it was about six o’clock…”，顯然，快六點了，主人尚未準備就緒。根據生活常識，這裏的無疑是下午六點鐘，再結合“一日三餐”這一常識，他們請客人吃的只能是晚飯，所以可以推斷出正確答案是C。

(b)根據計算判斷

有些題目需根據短文的意思進行數字運算。會考的“閲讀理解”中的數據推算並不要求高深的數學知識。在有關數據推算的試題中，根據短文所提供的數據進行必要的運算時，所涉及的數學知識一般都比較簡單，關鍵在於準確理解原文的`含義。例如：

03’年安徽蕪湖會考“閲讀理解”短文(D)中有這樣一道題涉及數據運算：

If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2008, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About _________.

A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000

閲讀材料中的原文是：

In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now.

【分析】原文中提到：五年之後，會説英語的北京居民的比例將會由現在的15%提升到30%。試卷所提的問題是：如果到2008年北京的人口達到15,000,000，會説英語的人將會有多少？儘管短文中沒有提到這個數據，但根據題意不難推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000

所以答案為B。

(c)根據邏輯關係推斷

根據短文中的基本事實、故事情節發展的邏輯關係(如時間、因果、條件、比較、轉折、讓步等，)進行深層的理解，並在此基礎上進行題目的理解。在邏輯判斷題中，這部分題目是比較難做的。例如：

We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (數據處理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.

More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.

However…

Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?

A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.

C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.

【分析】顯然，本文采用了對比的方式來表達自己對電腦的看法。前面描寫了計算機的優點，但作者用however一詞預示自己將引出相反的觀點，故答案為D。