複雜的定語從句知識

一主二僕式定語從句是指一個先行詞帶有兩個或兩個以上定語從句的情況。該結構中的定語從句比較規範，均修飾一個先行詞，在翻譯時，雖然也遵循一般定語從句的翻譯技巧和方法，但還有其獨特的地方。歸納起來，有如下幾種情況：

1）譯成定語 可以把兩個定語從句譯成並列的定語，也可譯成分開的定語修飾先地詞，或分別修飾重複的先行詞。

and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power

古老的謀生之道正受到新的農業技術、新的貿易、新的'行業的挑戰；這種新貿易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區進行的貿易，而種種新行業則是使用一些無需傳統的人力畜力驅動、可節省勞動力的奇特機遇。（並列的定語）

Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.

近代史開始時，世界擁有的每一項重大成就，已為歷史發端期的人們所知曉。（分開的定語）

And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.