後置定語從句 where
【導語】英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為複雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
請看下面的題目，where 是引導什麼從句?
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where
【分析】此題正確答案選D，where 在此意為“在……的地方”，用以引導地點狀語從句，全句意為“當你讀這本書時，你最好在有問題的地方作一個記號”。但是有的同學卻根據試題所提供的選項想當然認為這是一道考查定語從句關係詞的選擇與辨析的試題，於是在A、B、C三項中絞盡腦汁，當然最終不可能得出正確答案。請做以下試題，看看是考查定語從句還是狀語從句：
(1) She found her wallet _________ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導地點狀語從句。
(2) The school was built _________ there had once been a church.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導地點狀語從句。
(3) You should let your children play _________ you can see them.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導地點狀語從句。
(4) Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where引導定語從句，表示地點。
(5) You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
答案選B，where 意為“在……的.地方”，引導地點狀語從句。
(6) After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _________ he grew up as a child.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where引導定語從句，表示地點。
比較以下兩句，含義大致相同，但where 的用法不同：第一句中 where 引導的是狀語從句，第二句引導的是定語從句：
We’ll go where working conditions are difficult. 我們要去工作條件艱苦的地方。
We’ll go to the place where working conditions are difficult. 我們要去工作條件艱苦的地方。
為了簡潔起見，有的狀語從句(如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句等)有時可省略從句的主語和部分謂語(尤其是當從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包括有動詞be時)：
She fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.
他在做作業時睡着了。
While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little.
他這樣做時稍稍顫抖了一下。
He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak.
他張開口，好像要説話似的。
Often she would weep when (she was) alone.
她一個人時，常常哭泣。
I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient.
在你方便的時候我想來看看你。
If (you are) traveling north，you must change at Leeds.
如果你是向北行，你必須在里茲換車。
【注】有些由if構成的省略結構，已屬固定短語，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so：
There are few, if any, mistakes in that book.
那本書就是有錯誤也不多。
If necessary, ring me at home.
如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。
If possible, I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。
He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以後再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現在可以見他嗎?
省略句知識點總結：分詞作狀語的主要用法
1. 表時間
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完後，他就回家了。
2. 表原因
Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由於身體虛弱而不能行動。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。
3. 表條件
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結則存，分裂則亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點時間，我們可以做得更好。
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。
4. 表讓步
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。
5. 表方式
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。
6. 表伴隨
He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 別什麼也不幹坐在那裏。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，後面跟着他的妻子。
7. 表結果
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個兒子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋樑被水衝去。
省略句知識點總結：知識點總結
知識點總結
概念：為了避免重複,常常省略句子中的一個或幾個成分,這樣的句子叫省略句。
1. 簡單句中的省略：
(1)Looks like rain.
(2)Hope to hear from you soon.
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
(4)Beg your pardon.
(5)Feeling better today ?
(6)This way, please.
(7)—What does he want to eat ?
—Some rice and vegetables.
(8)Anything I can do for you ?
(9)Sorry to hear that.
(10)Doesn’t matter.
(11)Terrible weather!
(12)Pity you couldn’t come.
2. 並列句中的省略：
在並列句中，相同的成分如主語，謂語，賓語等都可以省略：
(1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses.
(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
(4)Coral is not a plant buta variety of animal life.
英語語法倒裝句知識點：讓步狀語從句倒裝用法系統歸納
有這樣一道考題：
_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
這道題很有一定難度。具體説來，它主要涉及兩個考點：一是讓步狀語從句倒裝後的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要採用倒裝結構，主要是為了強調位於句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等，其詞序形式為：被強調的成分+as / though + 主語+動詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中，位於句首的單數可數名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習慣，英語中的單數可數名詞在泛指時，一般要有不定冠詞的修飾，但是位於倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數可數名詞是個例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知，上面這道考題的答案應為B。
