八年級下冊英語第一單元知識點總結
現代英語所使用的拼寫字母，也是完全借用了26個字母。所謂“英語字母”，就是古羅馬人在書寫時所使用的拼寫字母。下面是小編整理的關於英語第一單元知識點總結，歡迎大家參考!
一、基礎知識
1. What’ s the matter? 怎麼啦?出什麼事情了?
【解析】matter/ ' mætə(r)) /n.問題;事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎麼了?
【注】： matter 和trouble 為名詞， 其前可加the 或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
【用法】用於詢問某人有什麼病或某人遇到什麼麻煩、問題其後跟詢問對象時， 與介詞with連用。即：
What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 發燒 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache頭疼
3. 身體部位+ache(疼痛)構成新的複合詞
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache後背痛
4. much too+ 形容詞，意為 太...... ，too much+名詞，意為 很多，大量 。
5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前後，形副後。good enough足夠好，enough money=much money
6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，過去式lay;lie説謊，過去式lied
7. maybe “或許”，常用於句首，表示可能性，後加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be，是情態動詞+be的結構，意為“可能，也許”，後加名詞、代詞或形容詞。He may be angry.
sound like+名詞代詞和從句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.
It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，The music sounds nice.
9. need 需要，實義動詞need+名詞，需要某物;
need to do sth.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動的動作：You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主語通常是物，表示被動的動作：Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下(公交車) get on 上車
11. agree 同意，贊同;
agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 如：I agree to LiLei.
12. trouble問題，麻煩 ;be in trouble遇到麻煩，make trouble 製造麻煩 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻煩。
13. right away=right now=at once，意為 馬上 。
14. advice [不可數名詞]勸告，建議，向…徵求意見， give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議; advise [動詞] advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事
advise sb. doing sth.
【複習】exercise 練習、鍛鍊
當exercise意為“練習”時，為可數名詞 即可加s
當exercise意為“鍛鍊”時，為不可數名詞 即不加s
16. hurt 及物動詞，使……疼痛，……受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising.
不及物動詞，……(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.
clean 【動詞】打掃，clean the classroom打掃教室，【形容詞】 乾淨的 ，cleaner意為 清潔工 。
18. hit (用手或器具)打;擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、後背，on用在所打較硬的部位;
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。
be used to sth./ doing sth.習慣於、適應了……、做某事，強調狀態;His grandpa was used to country life.
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習慣，逐漸適應……”強調過程、動作：
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
20. 【複習】free [形容詞]空閒的free time;免費的the drink is for free;自由的I want to become a free bird.
free【動詞】使……解脱，得到自由：He could not free his arm.
run out用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. run out. 某物用盡了。
人sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險
23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要(性)， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的
decision 【名詞】決定;抉擇; make a decision 做決定 ;
make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。
25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.
be out of control無法控制，無法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中
26. 【複習】mind意為 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,
Would you mind my opening the window?
27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄(做)某事，give up (playing) computer games;
give up後可接名詞、代詞和動詞ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.
二、重點語法
【反身代詞】英語中共有八個反身代詞，在使用時應注意和它所指的相應的對象在人稱、性別、數上保持一致。
數 人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
單數 myself yourself himself herself itself
複數 ourselves yourselves themselves
【用法】
1. 可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個或同一些的`人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強語氣。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定短語當中。
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學
enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快
help oneself to sth 請自用……(隨便吃/喝些……).
hurt oneself摔傷自己
say to oneself自言自語
leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨留下
buy oneself sth.給自己買……東西
introduce oneself 介紹……自己
【提醒】
1. 反身代詞不能單獨做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強調作用。 如：我自己能完成作業。
(誤)Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因為它沒有所有格的形式。表達“某人自己的(東西)”時，須要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。(誤)I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
