英語句子成份

一)英語句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。

(二)英語句子中的主語：主語是一個句子所敍述的主體，一般位於句首。但在there be結構、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中，主語位於謂語、助動詞或情態動詞後面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法: 主語由名詞性的詞來充當. 例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)

We often speak English in class.(代詞)

One-third of the students in this claare girls.(數詞)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(動名詞)

The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語從句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語，真正的`主語為後面的不定式)

(三)句子中的謂語成分：謂語説明主語所做的動作或具有的特徵和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之後。一句話語法: 謂語由動詞充當. 有很多同學在寫作的時候容易犯的錯誤就是要麼亂用be動詞,要麼句子沒有謂語動詞. 謂語的構成如下：

1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、複合謂語：(1)由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。注意:這裏面的動詞原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.

(四)英語句子中的表語成分：表語用以説明主語的身份、特徵和狀態，它一般位於系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之後。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法: 表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 例如：

Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)

Is it yours?(代詞)

The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)

The speech is exciting.(分詞)

Three times seven is twenty one?(數詞)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(愛好)is playing football.(動名詞)

The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語)

Time is up. The clais over.(副詞)注意: 副詞可以做表語的只有幾個,非常簡單,考試不考,所以上面説:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 我們所複習的語法直接針對大學聯考,不是搞語法研究,這點請大家一定要記住.

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語從句)

(五)英語句子中的賓語成分：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位於及物動詞和介詞後面。一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構成動賓結構和介詞結構,這點非常重要,務必要牢記.例如：

They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數詞)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語從句)

賓語種類：(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同學搞不清楚什麼是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子: give me a book.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.説得白一點,雙就是兩個的意思.(2)複合賓語(賓語+賓補)，例如：They elected him their monitor.

(六)英語句子中的賓語補足語成分：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。一句話語法: 賓語補足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如：

His father named him Dongming.(名詞)

They painted their boat white.(形容詞)

Let the fresh air in.(副詞)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語)

We saw her entering the room.(現在分詞)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)

(七)句子中的定語成分：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞 定語可由以下等成分表示：

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)

His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代詞)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動名詞)

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語)

(八)句子中的狀語成分：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子(這個就叫狀語,一句話語法: 狀語用副詞,不用形容詞)，説明動作或狀態特徵的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語)

He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分詞短語)

Wait a minute.(名詞)

Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)

狀語種類如下：

How about meeting again at six?(時間狀語)(表示時間就是時間狀語,那表示原因的呢? 對嘍,就是原因狀語)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(條件狀語)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點狀語)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結果狀語)

She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語)

I am taller than he is.(比較狀語)