綜合英語二語法

一、語法 Grammar & Usage

Subject-Verb Agreement (I)

1．主謂一致的三條原則

1）語法一致，即在語法形式上取得一致，綜合英語二語法及課後翻譯。

Human beings enjoy learning.

Everybody’s understanding is incomplete.

2）意義一致，即根據意義來處理一致關係。

The people there are fighting for the independence of their country.

The dollars was a lot of money at that time.

3)就近原則，即謂語動詞的單、複數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語。

There is a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil box.

Neither the boy nor his teachers know the answer.

2．集體名詞作主語時與動詞的一致

1）當主語為furniture， equipment， machinery等詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數。

The furniture in that shop is all made in China.

Office equipment is very expensive nowadays.

A lot of new machinery has been installed.

2）集體名詞如people， cattle， police， poultry，等往往作複數用。

Some people drive madly in this country.

Many cattle have died because of the fold.

The police have been sent there but they have not made any arrests yet.

Poultry are plentiful in that mountain region.

3)family, government, class, committee, audience , team, public 等詞被視做一個整體時，其後的動詞作單數；被視做為構成整體的個體時，其後的動詞則為複數。

His family is a happy one.

His family are all interested in stamp-collecting.

The Democratic Government is in power now.

The government is/are considering further tax cuts.

The audience was very quite when he was giving his speech.

The audience were shouting and laughing when he came into the hall.

Our class is the top class in the grade.

The class are busy taking notes.

3．並列主語與動詞的一致

1）當“名詞+名詞”表示一種事物時，用單數動詞，其它考試《綜合英語二語法及課後翻譯》。

Bacon and eggs is a very popular British breakfast.

Toast and marmalade (果醬麪包) is my favorite breakfast.

Fish and chips (炸魚與土豆片) is served every day.

2）當主語是由and， both … 連接的並列結構時，如果主語所指的不是一種事物，動詞則用複數形式。

Jack and Mary are in love with each other.

Both Tom and John are absent today.

War, famine and drought have claimed thousands of lives in that country.

3)在又or或 nor連接的'並列結構中，動詞單、複數形式一般與or 或 nor 後邊的名詞或代詞保持一致。

He or his brothers are to blame for this.

Either you or your friend has to pay the bill.

Either his father or his mother comes to see him every day.

When couples quarrel, (either) the wife or the husband has to give in.

Neither she nor you are mistaken.

Neither the manager nor the clerks are college graduates.

4) not only … but also 連接的結構做主語時，動詞的單、複數形式依據but also 後的名詞或代詞。

Not only Fred but also his parents love this small pet dog.

Not only the boys but also their mother is very ell.

課後練習

Translate the following into English.

1) Use the verb + noun collocation.

出席會議 to attend a meeting 乾的不錯 to do a good job

體驗苦難 to experience bitterness 自學英語 to teach oneself English

發現奇蹟 to discover wonders 忍住咳嗽 to hold back one’s cough

掌握技能 to master skills&