2016英語四級時態彙總

想要學好英語四級怎麼能不知道這些時態呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

1. 一般現在時

基本形式(以do為例)：

第三人稱單數：does(主語為非第三人稱單數); 肯定句：主語+動詞原形+其他; He works for us.

否定句：主語+don„t/doesn't+動詞原形+其他; He doesn't work for us.

一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他。

肯定回答：Yes，(+ 主語+do/does).

否定回答：No，(+主語+don't/doesn't.)

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句語

Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't

What does he do for us? He works for us.

　2. 現在進行時(be doing)

用法：現在正在進行的動作。

主語+be+〔現在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動詞)

表示現在正在進行的動作或最近在做的事。

例如：I am buying a book. 第一人稱+am+doing+sth

第二人稱+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

第三人稱+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.

　3. 現在完成時(have done)

基本結構：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)

①肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他

②否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他

③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他

④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他 He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years.

4. 現在完成進行時

現在完成進行時(have been doing)

用法：表示某一動作開始於過去某一時間，延續或重複地出現至今，或將繼續延續至將來。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個項目，已經花了一個多月時間了。)

注意事項：與現在完成時相比，現在完成進行時更強調：在從過去到現在的時間裏，動作或狀態一直持續或一直反覆出現。

例：1997年6月四級第45 題

It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A) had leaked B) is leaking

C) leaked D) has been leaking

從本題上下文看，這兩個句子的意思是：“看來，這個管道漏油已有一段時間了，我們將不得不拆卸機器排除故障。”第二句表示將要採取的措施。第一句動作發生在第二句之前，並且延續到現在為止仍在繼續。因此，空格中需用現在完成時或現在完成進行時。D) has been leaking是現在完成進行時，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由於本句有時間狀語for some time，表示謂語動作延續，謂語不能用現在進行時，必須用和完成時有關的時態。有些考生誤選了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因為他們沒有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時或過去完成時。

5. 一般過去時be動詞+行為動詞的過去式.

否定句式：在行為動詞前加didn„t，同時還原行為動詞，或was/were+not; was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞

例如： Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.

6. 過去完成時(had done)

基本結構：主語+had+過去分詞(done)

①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他

②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他

③一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主語+had 否定回答：No,主語+hadn't

④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他) 語法判定:

( 1 ) by + 過去的.時間點。如：

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。如：

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。如：

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

　7. 過去將來時

過去將來時(would/ should do)

用法：表示從過去的某個時間看將要發生的事。

be(was，were)going to+動詞原形

be(was，were)about to+動詞原形

be(was，were)to+動詞原形

肯定句：主語+be(was，were)going to+動詞原形～.

否定句：主語+be(was，were)not going to+動詞原形～.

疑問句：Be(Was，Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形～?

肯定句：主語+would(should)+動詞原形～.

否定句：主語+would(should)not+動詞原形～.

疑問句：Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形～?

He would work for us.

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四説我將於第二天拜訪我的朋友。)

　8. 過去進行時

過去進行時(was/ were doing)

肯定句：主語+was/were+doing+其它

否定句：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑問句及答語：Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ;答語：Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.

　9. 一般將來時

am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do

am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do;

一般將來時的表達方法 be going to +動詞原形

be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to +動詞原形

be able to +不定式 be about to+動詞原形 will + 動詞原形;

例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us;

He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現在時 表達 將來時態 的例子!!

例：1999年6月四級第65題

I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A) in B) to C) at D) on

答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當他的信到的時候我正要打電話給他。”

注意事項：

在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導的狀語從句，一般用現在時代替將來時。強調延續性或動態時，可用完成時。

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時候，他的身體已經好多了。)

　10. 將來進行時

將來進行時(will be doing)

用法：強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發生的動作或事情。

主語+will + be +現在分詞

He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔心，你不會認不出她的。她到時會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)

注意事項：由於本時態是由將來時和進行時融合在一起的，所以關於本時態的注意事項，可參考"一般將來時"和"現在進行時"的有關注意事項。

　11. 將來完成時

(shall)will+have+動詞過去分詞

before+將來時間或by+將來時間

before或by the time引導的現在時的從句

He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.

12)將來完成進行時

主語+ shall/will have been doing

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。)(被動語態)

He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.

翻譯為：他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作，現在在工作，將來還會工作)

　13)過去完成進行時

had been +-ing 分詞

例：He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.

　14) 過去將來進行時

should(would)+be+現在分詞

He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾説第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時間狀語是具體的將來時間，所以最好用將來進行時。)(此句為被動語態)

　15) 過去將來完成時

should+have been+現在分詞用於第一人稱

would have been+現在分詞用於其他人稱

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅信到那年年底為止，那個軟件的新版本將被開發出來。但是我錯了。)(此句為被動語態)

　16) 過去將來完成進行時

過去將來完成進行時：should have been doing , would have been doing

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們説到第二個月底為止，這項工程就已經不停地進行了3年了。)