2016託福閲讀備考：推斷題的解題方法

托福考試，閲讀中的推斷題一直讓眾多考試頭疼，一看到“推斷”二字，大家更加覺着眼前瞬間一片迷茫。據對所帶的學生進行的調查，提到哪種閲讀題型最難做，將近50%的學生把票投給了推斷題。

毋庸置疑，推斷題一定有一定的難度所在，這點我們從托福考試官方指南(og)的改變上就可發現一些端倪。第三版og上，推斷題的考查數量為0-2題，第四版og已經增加到1-3題，ets的用(yin)意(mou)所在可見一斑。

那麼，我們改如何應對推斷題呢?推斷題真的像我們想象的這麼難麼?

今天我們一起來從考查形式上來解刨一下推斷題。

題幹特徵：推斷題的題幹經常會出現infer,suggest,imply, indicate這類單詞

考查形式主要分為兩大類：對比推斷和細節推斷，而後者出現的機率更大。

　　考查形式一：對比推斷

A時間對比：一般有兩個形成對比的時間點，它們所具有的特徵一般相反。如：原文會出現before1990的信息，而題目會問after 1990的信息?

　　解決方案：收集問題對應的時間點的信息，然後取反。

注意原文中出現的.表示時間節點的詞 before, after, not…until…

例題

The story of the westward movement of population in the United States is, in the main,the story of the expansion of American agriculture-of the development of new areas for theraising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficientway of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices werehigh, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly. “Old America seemed to bebreaking up and moving westward,” observed an English visitor in 1817, during the first greatwave of migration. Emigration to the west reached a peak in the 1830’s, whereas in 1810 onlya seventy of the American people lived west of the Appalachian mountains, by 1840 more thana third lived there.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?

○They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton.

○They were able to sell their produce at high prices.

○They had not been successful in raising cattle.

○They did not operate in a national market economy.

答案D

對應關鍵句：After 1815 improved transportation enabled more and more western farmersto escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periodswhen commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.

B直接對比：兩個或多個事物的特徵——如原文會出現A的特點，然後會有B和A相比較的信息，然後題目問B的特點?

解決方案：收集題幹所問的推斷對象(about後面的信息一般為推斷對象)的全部信息(一般為上述的B)，然後在原文所描述的與之相關的信息(一般為上述的A)的基礎之上取反。

注意原文中出現的表示對比的關係詞：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas,on the contrary, incomparison to, distinct from, different from等詞。

例題

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-aremammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Theirstreamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowholecannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of seaotters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on landand at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fullymarine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walkingmammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearlyintermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

○There were great numbers of them.

○They lived in the sea only.

○They did not leave many fossil remains.

答案A

對應關鍵句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, andwalruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision whatthe first whales looked like.

　　考查形式二：細節推斷

　　考查細節判斷，事物的特點，屬性等。

解決方案：收集題幹所提問的推斷對象(about後面的信息一般為推斷對象)的所有信息。如果推斷對象所涉及的信息比較多，難以抓到重點，則逐個選項進行定位篩選。

例題

Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground,filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoricwater; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoricwater is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain andsnow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, beforeemerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enoughspace in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.