英語寫作中的過渡詞

來源:文萃谷 1.91W

漢語文章的組織靠的是意合,即句子與句子之間的聯繫靠的是句子意義的本身,句子的連接很少使用太多的連接詞;而英語文章的組織靠的是形合,句子的連接離不開過渡詞。下面是YJBYS小編為大家搜索整理的關於英語寫作中的過渡詞,供參考閲讀,希望對你有所幫助!想了解更多相關信息請持續關注我們應屆畢業生培訓網!

英語寫作中的過渡詞

過渡詞是一種關係指引詞,其作用是連接上下文,使文章保持連貫、自然、通順。過渡詞可以用於句子與句子之間的連接,還可以用於段落與段落之間的連接。當句子進入語段、語段進入語篇時,往往需要用一些連接手段把句子和句子、語段和語段,有時甚至是段落與段落連接起來,使它們之間建立起各種各樣的語義關係,並使整個語篇在意義上具有連貫性。根據章振邦的劃分,英語的銜接手段主要分為三大類:過渡詞銜接、詞彙紐帶和語法照應。我們在此主要討論過渡詞連接。

過渡詞的使用是保證段落或文章連貫的重要手段之一,同時也是英語寫作中應注意的一個關鍵問題。本德(Bander)曾在其著作《美國英語修辭》(American English Rhetoric)中高度概括了寫作中使用過渡詞的重要性,認為“有兩個技巧比學任何其它的更能增強英語寫作技能:其一是使用過渡連接詞;其二是使用從屬關係”。

夸克(Quirk)等人把過渡詞分為13大類:(1)列舉類;(2)強勢類;(3) 對等類;(4) 轉折類;(5) 總結類;(6) 同位類;(7)結果類;(8)推論類;(9)重述類;(10)替換類;(11)對立類;(12)讓步類;(13)時間轉換類。蔡基剛將過渡詞分為11類:舉例、比較、對照、讓步、原因、結果、強調、遞進、結論、時間和空間。

我們立足於教學,從方便實用的`角度出發,綜合以上學者的成果,將過渡詞按語義劃分為以下最常見的幾種類型:(一)表示添加信息:and, also, too, furthermore,besides, moreover, in addition, what is more等;( 二) 表示因果關係:because, for, for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus,therefore, so, consequently, of course, accordingly等;( 三) 表示文章意義的轉折或對比:although, however, on the contrary, still, but,otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact, on the other hand, asa matter of fact等;(四)表示文章中事件發生的時空順序:first,second, third, after that, meanwhile, then, before, next, formerly, later,finally, in the end, at last等;( 五) 表示列舉:firstly, secondly, forone thing…for another, first of all, to begin with, then, last等;(六)表示舉例、解釋:for example, for instance, that is, namely, to illustrate等;(七)表示總結:in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on thewhole, to conclude, to summarize等。下面我們逐一進行説明。

  (一)表示添加,進一步説明或強調的過渡詞

常用詞:besides 此外,furthermore 此外,additionally 此外,inaddition 此外,in particular 特別地,moreover 此外,what is more 另外。例如:

① Now it’s time to become concerned with the future of ours. Inparticular, we must pay enough attention to the problem ofpollution.

② As this society looks to education highly, there is a sense ofdignity and pride in receiving a college education. In addition/Furthermore/Besides/What is more, I believe with a collegeeducation I can serve my fellow men and my country better.

  (二)表示原因、理由和結果的過渡詞

accordingly 於是,as a result 因此,because of 由於,consequently因此,due to 由於,thanks to 幸虧,for this reason 由於這個原因,hence因此,in this way 這樣,therefore 因此,thus 因此。例如:

① Because of/Due to science, we now live safer, morecomfortable and convenient lives.

② Our standard of living today is much higher than it was before.

As a result, more and more people can afford their own housesand cars.

③ He was told to speak briefly; accordingly, he cut short hisremarks.

④ It is important to have good plans if we want to be successful.

In this way/So/For this reason/Because of this/Therefore/Asa result/Consequently, it is most important to have a goodbeginning whenever we want to accomplish something.

  (三)表示比較或對比的過渡詞

equally important 同樣重要地,similarly 同樣地,despite 縱使,in spite of 縱使,likewise 同樣重要地,nevertheless 不過,conversely 相反地,on the contrary 相反地,on the other hand 另一方面。例如:

① Despite/In spite of all the heartaches and the difficulties, acollege education is still our best passport to success.

② If we lacked freedoms, people could not say what they felt.

On the other hand/Conversely, if we lacked laws, then societywould be disorderly and violent.

③ Jones’ case was dismissed. Similarly, so were the chargesagainst Smith.

④ Congress can pass a law and the President may signit. Never theless, the Supreme Cour t can declare i tunconstitutional.

  (四)表示文章中事件發生的時空順序

afterward 以後,at present 目前,at the same time 同時,currently 目前,in the meantime 同時,meanwhile 同時,lately 最近,recently 最近,since then... 之後,soon 不久,soon after 不久之後,today 現在。例如:

① At present/Currently/Today/Recently/Lately, more andmore people are realizing the importance of protecting ourenvironment.

② Meanwhile/In the meantime/At the same time, students shouldhave more free time for reading what they like to read.

③ Since then, people have become more and more interested inlearning English.

  (五)表示列舉的過渡詞

First of all 首先;In the first place, …Second, ... Finally 首先……,第二……,第三……;Firstly, …Secondly, dly 第一……,第二……,第三……;At the very beginning, …Then, …

Finally,… 首先……其次……最後……;To begin with, …Next, …

Finally,… 首先……其次……最後……。

例如:

Our standard of living today is much higher than it wasbefore. But this does not mean that the spiritual quality of our liveshas also improved. What should we do?

First/First of all/In the first place, we must understand thatmoney can’t buy happiness. Don’t be a slave to it. Second, weshould spend time with friends and family. And third, we should findtime to listen to the birds sing, and see the beautiful scenery.

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