職稱英語考試衞生類完形填空考試題2017

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　　The Apgar Test

The baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.

Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. ___1___ He called for help1.

These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. ___2___ Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.

The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is born. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. ___3___

A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, she started treating patients2.

Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. ___4___

In the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question: How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.

In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. ___5___

Today, the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.

下午3:36，一個嬰兒出生了。3:37時，她的第一次健康測試成績是4分(總分10分)。3:41時，她的成績是8分，醫生感到非常高興。

另一天晚上8:24，另外一個嬰兒出生了。他的第一次測試成績是3分，第二次成績是4分。8:34時又進行了一次測試，成績是5分。醫生非常擔心，這個嬰兒需要救助。

這些新生兒進行的是一項叫作阿普加的測試。這項測試幫助醫生診斷新生兒的'問題，他們根據測試成績判斷新生兒是正常的還是需要特殊護理。大多數的嬰兒會接受兩次測試。第一次是在出生後1分鐘，第二次是在出生後5分鐘。如果嬰兒在第二次測試中的成績少於6分，那他們需要在出生10分鐘後再進行一次測試。

阿普加測試不是一項智力測試。它是一項在嬰兒出生後表明其健康狀況的測試。這項測試會測量諸如嬰兒的皮膚顏色、心率、呼吸一類的項目，總共包括五部分，每一部分的成績可以是0分、1分或2分。醫生把每一部分的成績加起來就是這項測試的總分。

一位名叫弗吉尼亞·阿普加的醫生設計了這項測試。1929年，阿普加去紐約的哥倫比亞大學醫學院就讀。由於是這個學科裏的第一位女性，使她面臨了許多挑戰。然而，她卻是班上最好的學生之一。完成醫學院的學業後，她開始給患者治療。

阿普加還是麻醉學方面的研究者，當時麻醉學是一項新的醫學課題。在求學過程中，她學會了如何給患者實施麻醉。麻醉會使病人失去意識，因而他們在手術過程中不會感到任何疼痛。

20世紀40年代，許多婦女在分娩時開始使用麻醉。但阿普加有個疑問：麻醉是如何影響新生兒的呢?1949年，當阿普加在哥倫比亞醫學院擔任教授時，她創造了這項簡單測試。1953年，她寫了一篇關於該測試方法的論文。不久之後，人們開始在世界範圍內使用阿普加測試。

在工作中，阿普加發現許多新生兒都有健康問題。她想幫助這些新生兒活下來。1959年，她中止了行醫，回到學校攻讀公共衞生碩士學位。她把自己的餘生都奉獻給了醫學研究以及籌集資金幫助新生兒。

今天，阿普加測試仍然在全世界範圍內被廣泛運用。雖然新生兒們並不知道，但弗吉尼亞·阿普加卻是他們生命的前幾分鐘裏非常重要的一個人。