2017年職稱英語《衞生B》補全短文試題與答案
補全短文
part A
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic (電磁的) radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated,he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated (傳播) among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation.
According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day.2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density (密度)residential areas. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500-metre radius of school grounds, child care centres,hospitals, sports playing fields ( 隔離屏 ) and residential areas with a high percentage of children.
4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates (加速，加快) .
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.
Besides, he also urges the government to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
A. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.
B. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.
C. "If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised," he said.
D. Then who finances the research?
E. For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard (不顧) the need of the community.
F. The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.
part B
Rising Tuition in the U.S.
Every Spring, U.S. university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year's budget.
They consider faculty salaries, utility costs for dormitories, new building needs and repairs to old ones. They run the numbers and conclude -- it seems, inevitably -- that, yet again, the cost of tuition must go up.
According to the U.S.'s College Board, the price of attending a four-year private university in the 81 percent between 1993 and 2004. 1 In 2005 and 2006, the numbers continued to rise.
According to university officials, college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year," said the university's president, Dr Bill Brown. "Student tuition pays for 78percent of the university's operating costs." Brown's school is a private university that enrolls about 3,100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like U. S. News,
and World Report's and The Princeton Review 's. 2
Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school's board of trustees (董事) .3 This board oversees (監管) all of a state's public institutions.
John Durham, assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University (ECU),explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free. Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education.4 State residents attending ECU pay about U.S. $10,000 for tuition, room and board before financial aid.
Amid the news about continued increases in college costs, however, there is some good news.
Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university. To receive financial aid, U.S. students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible (有資格的 ) for grants or loans. 5
A. The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much.
B. At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a State education committee, sometimes called the board of governors.
C. The school currently charges U.S. $23,410 a year for tuition.
D. Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.
E. That's more than double the rate of inflation.
F. The state government covers the rest.
part C
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000years, and it seems like that 1. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the trne pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, 2. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape 3. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.
It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids 4. However,there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning 5. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rnles had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.
A. for stone to use in modern buildings
B. has made them less likely to fall into ruin
C. before they could begin to build
D. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved
E. while building the pyramids
F. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet
答案與解析
part A
1.C。本段講的是手機輻射，而其空白處講的是Robert參加了一個有關低輻射對健康的影響的會議，所以緊接着説的還是有關輻射的，所以答案選c。
2.B。空白處前面一句介紹了澳大利亞擁有手機的現狀，後面談論的應該還是澳大利亞的情況，所以選B，即對到2000年年底之前手機發展前景的預測，內容上保持了連貫。
3.E。這一段的第一句説的是，許多微波發射塔建在人口稠密的居民區。選項E的內容涉及微波發射塔的地點選擇只考慮到地理位置，而不顧及公眾的需求。選項E擴展了第一句表達的信息。此外，選項E中出現了tower這個詞，與第一句的tower相呼應。
4.A。空白處前面一句説的是Robert Bell建議政府應該禁止在學校操場、兒童日託中心、醫院、運動場所以及兒童佔比例較高的場所方圓500米範圍內建發射塔。選項A説明要這樣做的原因，因而是答案。
5.D。空白處後面一句説的`是major telephone companies出錢資助研究項目的內容，提示D是正確答案，在內容上保持了連貫。
part B
1.E。空格前面一句話講的是1993年到2004年問四年制私立大學學費上漲的情況，後面一句講的是2005年和2006年的漲價情況，兩句話之間在時間上已經連續。所以要填入的內容很可能是對學費漲價的一種説明或比較。在六個選項中，E把學費上漲的幅度和同期的通貨膨脹率做了一個比較，説明學費的上漲率超過了通脹率。
2.c。這一段的後半段講的是Cedarville University的收費和支出情況。在六個選項中，只有C以The school開頭，也就是説這句話是針對某一所大學的。就其內容而言，也符合本段的需要。
3.B。這個不長的一段先講了私立大學的學費是怎麼定的。選項B講的是公立大學的學費是怎麼定的，中問還包含了however這個詞，表示了轉折，既然講過私立，下面應該就要講公立了。故選B。
4.F。這段講的是州政府對大學的投入。按理，一個州的公共機構應該儘可能為這個州的居民提供免費的服務。北卡羅來納州的居民只支付教育費用的22%，下面一句話自然就該講州政府出多少錢了。
5.A。文章的最後一段講的是學生如何向聯邦政府申請資助，空格的前一句話説聯邦政府決定學生是否有資格申請獎學金或貸款，然後該申請送到學生所在的學校，由學校決定該學生是否可以得到資助。
part C
1.F。根據上下文語義，此處填入“金字塔似乎還能堅持數千年”最合適。
2.A。此句主要講述的是那些去金字塔尋找現代建築能使用的石頭材料的人破壞了金字塔。
3.B。此句在分析金字塔千年屹立不倒的原因——形狀。
4.D。上文有plan，根據重複原則，我們首先確定D可選，再通過上下文的語義能最終確定D為正確答案。
5.C。此句表達的是在開始脩金字塔之前，必須進行數月仔細的計劃。
