高2英語必修5課文翻譯

學習英語的時候，我們需要好好的學習翻譯這一塊，所以為大家真理觀了相關的課文翻譯，請看：

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

約翰·斯諾擊敗“霍亂王”

John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生——他的確醫術精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫生。But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，他就感到很振奮。This was the deadly disease of its day.霍亂在當時是最致命的疾病，Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不瞭解它的治療方法。So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍亂暴發時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.約翰·斯諾想面對這個挑戰，解決這個問題。He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的。

He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯諾對霍亂致人死地的兩種推測都很感興趣。The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖着，像一股危險的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內的。From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.病從胃裏發作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會很快地死去。

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.斯諾推測第二種説法是正確的，但他需要證據。So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發霍亂的時候，約翰·斯諾着手準備對此進行調研。As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.當霍亂在貧民區迅速蔓延的時候，約翰·斯諾就開始收集資料。In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他發現特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很嚴重，在10天之內就死去了500多人。He was determined to find out why.他決心要查明其原因。

First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.首先，他在一張地圖上標明瞭所有死者住過的地方。This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.這提供了一條説明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。Many of the deaths were near the water pump

in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40).許多死者是住在寬街的水泵附近（特別是這條街上16、37、38、40號）。He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.他發現有些住宅（如寬街上20號和21號以及劍橋街上的8號和9號）卻無人死亡。He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.他以前沒預料到這種情況，所以他決定深入調查。He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.他發現，這些人都在劍橋街7號的酒館裏打工，They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump.而酒館為他們免費提供啤酒喝，因此他們沒有喝從寬街水泵抽上來的水。It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。 Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.接下來，約翰·斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源情況。He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.他發現，水是從河裏來的，而河水被倫敦排出的髒水污染了。He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.他馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。這樣，水泵就用不成了。Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.不久，疫情就開始得到緩解。He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣體傳播的。

In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在倫敦的另一個地區，他從兩個與寬街暴發的霍亂有關聯的死亡病例中發現了有力的證據。A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那裏的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家裏來。Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water.她和她的女兒喝了這種水，都得了霍亂而死去。With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了這個特別的證據，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣佈，這種被污染了的水攜帶着病菌。

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為了防止這種情況的再度發生，約翰·斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.自來水公司也接到指令，不能再讓人們接觸被污染的水了。Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.最終，“霍亂王”被擊敗了。

COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY

哥白尼的革命性理論

Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.尼古拉·哥白尼被嚇得心煩意亂的。Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.雖然他曾經試着不去理睬那些數字，然而他所有的數學計算都得出了一個相同的結論：地球不是太陽系的中心。Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能説得清楚。Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.他的這個理論可不能告訴任何人，因為即使他只暗示有這種想法，他都會受到強大的基督教會勢力的懲罰。They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.教會認為世界是上帝創造的，正因為如此，地球就具有特殊的意義，它必定要成為太陽系的中心。

The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop.這樣，問題就來了，因為天文學家以前發現過，天上有些行星停頓下來，往後移動，然後再成環狀向前移動，Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.而其他行星看上去有時亮些，有時又不怎麼亮。This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.如果地球是太陽系的中心，而所有行星環繞着地球轉的話，那麼這種現象就很奇怪了。

Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer.哥白尼對這些問題曾經苦苦思索過很久，試圖找出問題的答案。He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.他曾經收集過觀察星球的數據，並且利用他的全部數學知識來解釋這些數據。But only his new theory could do that.但是隻有他的新理論才能作出解釋。So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.於是，他在1510至1514年期間從事這項研究，逐步修改他的理論，直到他感到完善時為止。

In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends.1514年，他把他的新理論私下裏給他的朋友們看。The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.他對舊理論的修改是具有革命性的。He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞着太陽。

轉，只有月球仍然繞着地球轉。He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.他還提出地球在圍繞太陽轉的同時，它本身還自轉，這樣就説明了行星運動的變化情況以及星球亮度問題。His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友都熱情地鼓勵他把他的想法公之於世，而他卻小心謹慎，He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教會的攻擊，所以他直到1543年臨終之前才公佈了這一觀點。

Certainly he was right to be careful.當然，他小心謹慎是對的。The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked.基督教會拒絕接受他的理論，説這種理論違背了上帝的.旨意，而支持這種理論的人都會受到打擊。Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.然而哥白尼的理論卻是我們宇宙觀賴以建立的基礎。His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe.他的理論還改變了基督教對地心引力的看法，他們認為物體往地球上掉落是因為上帝創造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong.哥白尼表明這是明顯錯誤的。Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.如今人們可以看到，他的這些想法與艾薩克·牛頓、阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的聯繫。

Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之謎

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.人們也許覺得奇怪，為什麼用來描述英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭這四個國家的詞語不太一樣。You can clarify this question if you study British history.但如果你學過英國曆史，就能弄清楚這個問題。

First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.首先是英格蘭。威爾士於13世紀同英格蘭聯合了起來。Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今只要有人提起英格蘭，你就會發現威爾士總是包括在內的。Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain".接着，英格蘭、威爾士同蘇格蘭於17世紀聯合了起來，名字就改成了“大不列顛”。Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales

as well.令人慶幸的是，當蘇格蘭的詹姆斯國王成為英格蘭和威爾士的國王時，這三個國家和平地實現了聯合。Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.最後，英國政府打算於20世紀初把愛爾蘭也同另外三個國家和平聯合起來以形成聯合王國。However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不願意而分離出去了，並建立了自己的政府。So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.因此只有北愛爾蘭同英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭聯合起來，而組成了聯合王國，這一點從新的聯合王國國旗上就可以看得出來。

To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.值得讚揚的是，雖然這四個國家的確在一些方面共同合作，例如在貨幣和國際關係方面；但是它們在制度上仍然存在很大的區別。For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!例如，北愛爾蘭、英格蘭和蘇格蘭在教育體制和立法體制上都存在着差異。在參加像世界盃之類的比賽時，它們有着各自的足球隊。

England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在這四個國家中，英格蘭是最大的。為了方便起見，它大致可以劃分為三個地區。The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.最靠近法國的那個地區叫做英格蘭南部，中部地區叫做英格蘭中部，最靠近蘇格蘭的那個地區叫做英格蘭北部。You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.你可以看到英國的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多數大工業城市都位於中部和北部。Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!儘管，英國任何一個城市都不像中國的城市那樣大，但是他們都有着自己的享有威名的足球隊，有的城市甚至還有兩個隊。It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.很遺憾，這些建於19世紀的工業城市對遊客並沒有吸引力。For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans.要找歷史性建築你得去更古老的、比較小些的由古羅馬人建造的城鎮。There you will find out more about British history and culture.在那兒你才可能找到更多的有