國中定語從句名師講解
定語從句就是在句子中充當定語成分的從句,分享了國中定語從句的名師講解,一起來看看吧!
一、定語從句的概念
在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的後面。
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行詞定語從句
昨天我在校門口看見的那個人是我的英語老師。
二、定語從句的關係詞
引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞,常見的關係代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關係副詞where, when, why等。關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
① I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (關係代詞作主語)
先行詞 關係代詞
我正在等穿着紅色外套的那個男孩。
② The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.
先行詞 關係代詞 (關係代詞作賓語)
我姐姐上週星期天給我的那本字典很貴。
③ The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother. (關係代詞作定語)
先行詞 關係代詞
那個是他的母親,名叫琳達布朗。
④ That is the house where my father used to live. (關係代詞作狀語)
先行詞 關係副詞
那是我父親曾經居住過的房子。
三、關係代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用於指人,也可以用於指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作
賓語時可省略。例如:
① Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
② The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。
(that作賓語)
2. which用於指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
① The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位於火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
② The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3. who, whom都用於指人,who用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
① The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
② Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?
(作賓語)
小結:that—既可指人,也可指物,作主語,不能省略;作賓語,可以省略。
which—指物,作主語,不能省略;作賓語,可以省略。
who—指人,作主語,不能省略;作賓語(常用whom),可以省略。
注:當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。
注意——
(1) 當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關係代詞前時,只能用“介詞+ which/whom”結構。例如:
① This is the house in which we lived last year. 這是我們去年居住的房子。
② Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小説。
(2) 含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
(3) that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的後面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常遠。
(4) 關係詞只能用that而不用which的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b. 被修飾的.先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店裏有什麼東西要買嗎?
c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞裏同時含有人或物時,只能用that,而不用which。例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重複,只能用that。例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f. 主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which。例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5) 關係詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a. 先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that。例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?
b. 關係代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c. 引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that。例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關係副詞的用法
(1) when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
(2) where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:
This is the place where he works. 這是他工作的地點。
(3) why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什麼上學總遲到。
I.單項填空。
1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with your father?
—Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river_________I can swim?
A. which B. in whichC. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.
A. where B. whichC. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?
A. that you boughtB. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone_________with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing_________is missing.
A. that B. itC. which D. who
7. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whoseC. that of whichD. which’s
8. The girl_________is reading under the tree_________my sister.
A. which; isB. whom; was C. who; isD. who; was
9. I love places_________the people are really friendly.
A. that B. whichC. whereD. who
10. The world_________is made up of matter.
A. in that we liveB. on which we live C. where we live inD. we live in
Ⅱ.用適當的關係代詞that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing _________you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _________is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _________ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _________we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man _________I talked with just now?
III.牽手會考。
1.(2011清遠)Have you read the book_________is about the moon?
A. whatB. itC. /D. which
2.(2011廣西百色)The policeman caught the thief_________has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.
A. whichB. whoseC. whomD. who
3.(2011桂林)The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A. thatB. whereC. whoD. when
4.(河北省2011)The teachers_________came for a visit are foreigners.
A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which
5.(2011河南省)Tony, tell me the result of the discussion_________you had with your dad
yesterday.
B. whichC. whenD. who
6.(2011黑龍江綏化市)This is the camera ______my uncle gave me for my birthday.
hB. whoC. what
7.(2011哈爾濱)"Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker________words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.
A. whoB. who'sC. whose
8.(2011呼和浩特)—Is there anyone here_________name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose
9.(2011四川達州)—Where did you go last week?
—I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house_______he was born in.
A. thatB. thereC. whoD. whose
10.(2011四川南充)Is that the man_________helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A. whichB. whoC. whom
11.(2011四川資陽)—I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.
—Look, the man_________is working over there is her brother.
A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which
12.(2011天津)John is the boy_________legs were badly hurt in the accident.
A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which
13.(2011烏魯木齊)We don't like people_________talk too much but never do anything.
h
14.(2011梧州)—Do you know the boy_________is standing under the tree?
—Yes, he is my friend, Peter.
A. whatB. whoC. whomD. whose