SAT2化學知識點構成

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Introduction to Chemistry 化學入門

SAT2化學知識點構成

Matter 物質

Definition of Water(物質的定義) States of Matter(物質的狀態)

Composition of Matter (物質的構成) Chemical and Physical Properties(化學性質和物理性質)

Chemical and Physical Changes (化學變化和物理變化) Conservation of Mass (質量守恆) Energy 能量

Definition of Energy(能量的定義) Forms of Energy(能量的形式)

Types of Reactions(Exothermic Versus Endothermic) 反應類型(放熱對吸熱)

Conservation of Energy (能量守恆) Conservation of Mass and Energy(質能守恆)

Scientific Method(科學方法)

Measurements and Calculations(測量和計算)

Metric System(指標系統) Temperature Measurements(温度測量) Heat Measurements(熱量測量) Scientific Notation (科學記數法) Factor-Label Method of Conversion (Dimensional Analysis) 轉換方法(量綱分析) Precision, Accuracy, and Uncertainty(精密度,準確度,不確定度) Significant Figures(有效數字) Calculations with Significant Figures (有效數字的計算)

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of the Elements 原子結構和化學元素週期表 History 歷史

Electric Nature of Atoms 原子的電本質

Basic Electric Charges(基本電荷) Bohr Model of the Atom(原子的波爾模型) Components of Atomic Structure(原子結構構成) Calculating Average Atomic Mass(計算平均原子量) Oxidation Number and Valence(氧化數和化合價) Metallic, Nonmetallic, and Noble Gas Structures(易失電子,易得電子,惰性氣體結構) Reactivity(反應)

Atomic Spectra 原子光譜

Spectroscopy(光譜學) Mass Spectroscopy (質譜學) The Wave-Mechanical Model 波動力學模型 Quantum Numbers(量子數) Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity 最大多重性洪特法則

Sublevels and Electron Configuration 原子內電子排布

Order of Filing and Notation(電子填充次序和命名) Electron Dot Notation(Lewis Dot Structures)(Lewis 點結構) Noble Gas Notation(稀有氣體元素) Transition Elements and Variable Oxidation Numbers(過渡元素和可變的氧化數)

Period Table of the Elements(元素週期表)

History(歷史) Periodic Law(週期律) The Table(週期表) Properties Related to the Periodic Table(元素週期表的性質) Radii of Atoms(原子半徑) Atomic Radii in

Periods(同週期的原子半徑) Atomic Radii in Groups(同族的原子半徑) Ionic Radius Compared to Atomic Radius(相對原子半徑的離子半徑) Electro negativity(電負性) Electron Affinity(電子親和能) Ionization Energy(電離能)

Bonding 化學鍵

Types of Bonds 化學鍵類型

Ionic Bonds(離子鍵) Covalent Bonds(共價鍵) Metallic Bonds(金屬鍵)

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 分子間的吸引力

Dipole-Dipole Attraction (極性分子間的吸引力) London Forces(倫敦力) Hydrogen

Bonds(氫鍵) Double and Triple Bonds(雙鍵和三鍵) Resonance Structures(共振結構) Molecular Geometry—VSEPR—and Hybridization 分子幾何學—價層電子對互斥理論和雜化軌道理論

VSEPR—Electrostatic Repulsion(VSEPR—價層電子對互斥理論) VSEPR and Unshared

Electron (VSEPR和非共享電子對) VSEPR and Molecular Geometry(VSEPR和分子幾何學) Hybridization(雜化軌道理論) Sigma and Pi Bonds (Sigma鍵和Pi鍵)

Properties of Ionic Substances(離子化合物的性質)

Properties of Molecular Crystals and Liquids (分子晶體與液晶的性質)

Chemical Formulas 化學分子式

Writing Formulas (寫分子式)

General Observations About Oxidation States and Formula Writing (氧化狀態和分子式寫作的一般性結論) More About Oxidation Numbers (關於氧化數) Naming Compounds (化合物命名) Chemical Formulas (化學分子式) Laws of Definite Composition and Multiple

Proportions (定比定律和倍比定律) Writing and Balancing Simple Equations (寫作和平衡簡單方程式) Showing Phases in Chemical Equations (化學平衡式) Writing Ionic

Equations (書寫離子方程式)

Gases and the Gas Laws 氣體和氣體定律

Introduction—Gases in the Environment(入門—環境中的氣體) Some Representative Gases(一些有代表性的氣體) Oxygen(氧氣) Hydrogen(氫氣) General Characteristics of Gases(氣體的基本特徵) Measuring the Pressure of a Gas(測量氣壓) Kinetic

Molecular Theory(氣體動力論) Some Particular Properties of Gases(氣體的特殊性質) Gas Laws and Related Problems(氣體定律和相關的難題) Graham’s Law(格鋭目定律) Charles’s Law(查理定律) Boyle’s Law(波義耳定律) Combined Gas Law(混合氣體定律) Pressure Versus Temperature(氣壓和温度) Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures (道爾頓分壓定律) Corrections of Pressure(壓力校正) Ideal Gas Law(理想氣體定律) Ideal Gas Deviations(理想氣體偏差)

Chemical Calculations (Stoichiometry) and the Mole Concept 化學計算器和摩爾內容 Solving Problems in Chemistry(解答化學難題) The Mole Concept(摩爾內容) Molar Mass and Moles(摩爾質量和摩爾) Mole Relationships(摩爾關係) Gas Volumes and Molar Mass(氣體體積和摩爾質量) Density and molar Mass(密度和摩爾質量) Mass-

Volume Relationships(摩爾與體積的關係) Mass-Mass Problems(質量—質量難題) Problems with an Excess of One Reactant(涉及某一反應物多餘的難題)

Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes 液體,固體和狀態變化

Liquids(液體) Importance of Intermolecular Interaction(分子間相互作用的重要性) Kinetics of Liquids(液體動力學) Viscosity(粘性) Surface Tension(表面張力) Capillary Action(毛細作用) Phase Equilibrium(平衡狀態) Boiling Point(沸點) Critical Temperature and Pressure(臨界温度和臨界壓力) Solids(固體) Phase

Diagrams(狀態圖表) Water(水) History of Water(水的歷史) Purification of Water(水淨化) Composition of Water(水的構成) Properties and Uses of Water(水的性質和使用) Water’s Reactions with Anhydrides(水和鹼性氧化物的反應) Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding(極性和氫鍵) Solubility(可溶性) General Rules of Solubility(可溶性的基本原則) Factors That Affect Rate of Solubility(影響溶解率的因素) Summary of Types of Solutes and Relationships of Type to Solubility(溶液類型和類型之間關係的總結) Water Solutions(水處理) Continuum of Water Mixtures(水混合溶劑)

Expressions of Concentration(濃度的表達) Dilution(稀釋) Colligative Properties of Solutions(溶液的`依數性) Crystallization(結晶化)

Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry 化學反應和熱化學

Types of Reactions(反應類型) Predicting Reactions(預知化學反應)

Combination(Known Also as Synthesis)(化合反應) Decomposition(Known Also as

Analysis)(分解反應) Single Replacement(置換反應) Double Replacement(複分解反應) Hydrolysis Reactions(水解反應) Entropy(熵) Thermochemistry(熱化學) Changes in Enthalpy(焓變化) Additivity of Reaction Heats and Hess’s Law(反應熱加成性定律—

赫士定律) Bond Dissociation Energy(鍵裂解能) Enthalpy from Bond Energies(鍵能中的鍵焓)

Rates of Chemical Reactions 化學反應速率

Measurements of Reaction Rates(反應速率的測量) Factors Affecting Reaction Rates(影響反應速率的因素) Collision Theory of Reaction Rates(化學反應速率的碰撞理論) Activation Energy(激活能) Reaction Rate Law(化學反應速率定律) Reaction Mechanism and Rates of Reaction(化學反應機制和化學反應速率)

Chemical Equilibrium化學平衡

Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium(可逆反應和平衡) Le Chatelier’s Principle(化學平衡移動原理—勒復特列原理) Effects of Changing Conditions(條件變化的影響) Effect of Changing the Concentrations(濃度改變的影響) Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium(平衡中温度改變的影響) Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium(平衡中壓力改變的影響) Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems(異構系統中的平衡) Equilibrium Constant for Systems Involving Solids(涉及固體的系統平衡常數) Acid Ionization Constants(酸電離常數) Ionization Constant of Water(水電離常數) Solubility

Products(溶解度產物) Common Ion Effect(同離子效應) Driving Forces of Reactions(反應推動力) Relation of Minimum Energy(Enthalpy) to Maximum Disorder(Entropy)(焓—熵關係) Change in Free Energy of a System—the Gibbs Equation(系統中自由能的變化—吉布斯公式

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