在新託福綜合寫作得高分的技巧
綜合寫作的題型結構單一,且作文的模板性很強,考生只需將閲讀材料和聽力料中的重點內容記錄下來並帶入事先準備的模板中即可。所以,如能在考前做完本書的20套真題,大家的綜合寫作部分一定可以拿高分。
解題流程和答題技巧
我們以2011年12月17日北美新托福考試的綜合寫作真題為例,幫助大家掌握綜合作文的解題流程和答題技巧。
首先,考生會看到關於第一題的題目説明:
Task 1:Writing Based on Reading and Listening
Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.
Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.
Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.
You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Write your response in the space provided.
接下來屏幕上會出現一篇文章,左下角會出現一個3分鐘的倒計時時間顯示。考試正式開始。
1. 掃讀文章
閲讀文章時,應注意:
1)進行“掃描式”閲讀,把文章主題和每段中心論點快速一掃而過,並隨時準備速記重點,切忌“精讀”,否則時間不夠。
2)把握好每段重點,這可以幫助你從容地推測後面聽力材料的要點。這種方式尤其適用於聽力不夠好的考生。
下面是本題的小文章,文中的重點已用陰影標出,請大家留意。
Passage:
A recent new incentive program implemented by a major corporation aims to foster healthy lifestyles among its workforce. The potential benefits are numerous, though this article will focus on three of them.
The first benefit is obvious: the incentives will be a material aid in helping employees quit smoking and lose weight. The most commonly cited reason for failure to break bad habits is lack of a support network, because smoking and an unhealthy diet are quite common. But if an entire workforce is made of non-smokers or people who eat healthy food, every employee can break their bad habits.
Another powerful set of incentives for developing good habits is that the company will partially cover the payment of the insurance for those with healthier lifestyles. In effect, the amount saved from paying for insurance is a raise in salary. An added benefit could be offering them additional vacation days.
The third benefit should accrue to the company. Most workers with a healthy lifestyle are not absentee workers. Likewise, workers with good health tend to work far more efficiently. They take no smoke breaks, are less susceptible to nagging coughs and colds, and generally have more energy than their unhealthy counterparts. In turn, the company can make more profits and save the health-related costs. All in all, this incentive program for employees’ health is a win-win proposition for company and staff alike.
2. 記錄文章重點
記錄文章重點時,應注意:
1)重點一般分佈在每段的首尾,前後呼應,邏輯性強:
段首:陳述每段主題
段尾:得出結論
2)筆記重點可按照“假説→假説根據1 →假説根據2 →假説根據3”的`模式記錄,這也是答題模板,建議大家熟記。在新托福考試聽力部分結束後的10分鐘休息時間內,考生最好在草稿紙上面先寫好這個模板。
3)筆記內容要短而精,切忌抄句子。考生開始寫作時,文章會再次出現在題目和答題區旁邊。
本篇文章主要內容的筆記和筆記轉述:
假説
【原文摘要】 3 benefits: incentive program / healthy lifestyles ← corp~
【筆記轉述】 The reading passage mainly discusses three benefits of an incentive program carried out by a company to promote healthy lifestyles among its employees.
根據1
【原文摘要】 ×smk & ↓ wgt
【筆記轉述】 The first benefit of the program is to facilitate employees to quickly quit smoking and lose weight.
根據2
【原文摘要】 company → part~ $ → insurance→↑ vacation → healthier
【筆記轉述】 For those with healthier lifestyles, the company will pay part of their insurance and provide them with additional vacation time.
根據3
【原文摘要】 health √ → ↑ 率 →↑ 利 → company
【筆記轉述】 Employees with good lifestyle habits work more efficiently and make more profits for the company.
本書的每一套題都精心設置了筆記轉述環節,通過練習,考生可以自如地將零散的筆記展開、組織成句。
(上一篇講解了閲讀小文章時如何記重點信息,接下來繼續講解聽錄音及記錄重點的方法。)
3. 聽講座錄音
3分鐘結束後,電腦界面會切換成一張大學課堂上的圖片,然後考生會聽到電腦裏有聲音提示:
Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
下面為本題的講座,陰影部分為重點,請大家留意。
Right here at the outset let me say that this incentive plan is NOT a bad idea. But you should be careful not to let expectations get too high. Before I turned to teaching, I was involved in international business, mostly in Europe. A lot of companies tried these schemes there, but the results were not as good as the companies had expected. And we will touch on these in the lecture today.
First, quitting smoking and losing weight are two favorite hobbies among modern people. They’re worthy aims. But, let’s face it. Most people who quit smoking start again within a year. And most people who lose weight gain it back quickly. So such benefits derived from the incentive program are most likely not permanent.
Second, rewarding people for being healthy is unfair. I mean think about it. Some people are just naturally overweight, or at least heavy. The incentive can actually hurt their health as they try hard to lose weight. Genetics is genetics: we can’t force everyone to be slim. Besides, do we really want to offer people who do not live healthy lifestyles shorter vacations? Of course not! They have kids and families to take care of like the rest of us.
Last of all, plans like this ignore the reality of modern business. In the U.S., the average worker changes jobs fairly often. Many people change their jobs every few years. That means that the company will not benefit from its healthier workforce: that workforce is changing jobs and the company is constantly educating new workers. The same holds for the workers: they will adapt to the new company’s culture, and their health gains may turn out to be temporary indeed. So while these incentive plans sound good, their actual results are just plain inconsistent.
注意:聽力中的重點信息所覆蓋的詞彙一般不超出考生所掌握的詞彙範圍,所以應着重練習捕捉重點信息和速記的能力。
4. 記錄聽力重點
認真研讀本書在每一套題中精心編寫的筆記轉述內容。通過練習,你將可以自如地將筆記展開、組織成句。
以下是本題聽力內容的筆記和筆記轉述:
反駁
【原文摘要】 × good results
【筆記轉述】 The professor puts forth the idea that the incentive program will not work.
理由1
【原文摘要】 benefit ×permanent
【筆記轉述】 The benefits from the implementation of the incentive program will not last long.
理由2
【原文摘要】 unfair → naturally ↑ weight
genetics → ×force → slim
×short vacation ∵ kids & families
【筆記轉述】 The incentive plan is unfair to those who are naturally overweight. They have difficulty keeping slim due to their genetics. Moreover, the company cannot fairly shorten their vacation as many of them have kids and families to look after.
理由3
【原文摘要】 change jobs often
∴ health → temporary
∴ company → ×benefit
【筆記轉述】 People now change jobs very frequently, and the healthy lifestyle that forms in the former company is probably only temporary. Thus any benefits to the company will quickly disappear.
(前兩篇已介紹瞭如何記錄好閲讀和聽力的重點信息,並將其轉化成自己的語言,接下來就可以運用一定方法將之組織成一篇信息完整、條理分明的綜合作文。)
5. 利用答題模板,快速成文
錄音播放完畢,電腦屏幕上將顯示出題目要求及答題框。閲讀材料會再次顯示在題目和答題框旁邊,屏幕上還會有字數統計和20 分鐘倒計時顯示。本題題目如下:
Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.
You must finish your answer in 20 minutes.
運用答題模板,你將所向披靡地應對各種綜合寫作題目,並能節省大量的寶貴時間和精力。以下為本題的答題模板:
Introduction
The reading passage mainly discusses 閲讀短文中的假説 The lecturer puts forth the idea that 講座中的反駁
Body paragraphs
Firstly, the reading passage mentions that 閲讀短文中的假説根據1 However, the professor suggests that 講座中的反駁理由1
Secondly, the reading passage cites the claim that 閲讀短文中的假説根據2 But the professor says that 講座中的反駁理由2
Lastly, the reading passage says that 閲讀短文中的假説根據3 The lecturer rebuts this by saying that 講座中的反駁理由3
