定語從句修飾代詞

關係代詞與先行詞。關係代詞所修飾的(或指代的)詞叫做先行詞;先行詞如果是“物”，則關係代詞用which或that; 先行詞如果是“人”，則關係代詞用who或that; 也就是説，that既可用來修飾“人”也可用來修飾“物”。以下是小編為您蒐集整理提供到的定語從句修飾代詞內容，希望對您有所幫助！歡迎閲讀參考學習！

　定語從句修飾代詞

在複合句中修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。學習定語從句，引導定語從句的關係代詞有who, whom, whose(一般指人);which(一般指物); that(指人或物)等。在句中充當主語、賓語、表語或定語。如：

1. This is the teacher who / that teaches us English. 這就是教我們英語的老師。(關係代詞who / that 作主語。)

2. Do you understand the sentence which / that I have just explained to you? 你們懂不懂我剛才給你們講的那個句子?(關係代詞which / that 作have explained 的賓語。)

3. China is no longer the country that she used to be. 中國不再是過去那樣的國家了。(關係代詞that 作be的表語。)

4. Do you know the student whose composition is the best in our school? 你認識那個在我們學校作文最好的學生嗎?(關係代詞whose作composition的定語。)

　關係代詞引導定語從句要注意下列幾個問題：

　一、 關係代詞與先行詞。關係代詞所修飾的(或指代的)詞叫做先行詞;先行詞如果是“物”，則關係代詞用which或that; 先行詞如果是“人”，則關係代詞用who或that; 也就是説，that既可用來修飾“人”也可用來修飾“物”。如：

1. This is the newspaper which / that I am looking for.

[分析]定語從句的先行詞為news-paper, 故關係代詞可以用which或that。

2. Mr. Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.

[分析]定語從句的先行詞為teacher, 故關係代詞可以用who或that。

但如果先行詞為all， everything， anything， nothing， little, much 等不定代詞，或先行詞被very， all， no， any， every， little， much， only等不定代詞修飾時，關係代詞只用that; 如果先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時，關係代詞也只用that; 如果先行詞既有“人”又有“物”時，關係代詞也只能用that。如：

1. Finally, the thief handed every-thing that he had stolen to the police.

2. That’s the only thing that we can do now.

3. This is the first composition that I have written in English.

4. We often talk of the persons and things that we knew in the school.

　二、省略與不能省略。關係代詞作主語，不能省略;關係代詞作賓語，可以省略。如：

1. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing.

[分析] Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks是主句; that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing是定語從句。關係代詞that作定語從句的主語，故不能省略。

2. The book (which / that) I lent you yesterday is my brother’s.

[分析] The book is my brother’s是主句;(which / that) I lent you yesterday是定語從句。關係代詞which / that作定語從句裏謂語動詞的賓語，故可以省略。

3. The old man with white hair (who/ whom / that ) we saw at yesterday’s meeting is a professor.

[分析] The old man with white hair is a professor.是主句;(who/whom/that)we saw at yesterday’s meeting是定語從句。關係代詞who/whom/that作謂語動詞saw的賓語，故可以省略。

　三、whose的用法。不管先行詞是“人”還是“物”，都可以用關係代詞whose作定語修飾後面的名詞。如：

1. This book is for the students whose native language is not English.

[分析] whose的先行詞是“人”;whose 的意思相當於the students’， 在定語從句裏充當定語。

2. Do you know who is living in that house whose windows face south?

[分析] whose的先行詞是that house; whose window的意思相當於the window of that house, 在定語從句裏充當定語。

　四、who與 whom。 指代“人”的關係代詞作賓語時，既可用who也可用whom, 但作主語時只能用who。如：

1. Is this the man who / whom you asked for help yesterday?

[分析] 因為關係代詞作asked的`賓語，故既可以用who也可以用whom(當然也可以省略)。

2. This is the man who helped me carry my bag upstairs.

[分析]因為關係代詞作主語，故只能用who (當然也可以用that)。

定語從句中的關係副詞

定語從句中的關係副詞有三個：when, where和why，它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點和原因狀語。其句法結構如下：

表時間的名詞 + when + 定語從句

when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

例： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

表地點的名詞 + where + 定語從句

where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。

例： The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

表原因的名詞reason + why + 定語從句(why只用於reason之後的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)

例：That is the reason why I did the job. (在現代英語中why可以省略)

關係副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單，但以下注意點不可忽視：

1. “when”、“where”和“why”的運用取決於表時間的名詞、表地點的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分，比較下面的幾組句子：

★I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

★I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

This is the hospital where my mother works.

This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.

The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

2. “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞 + which”，介詞的選用取決於先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如：

Do you still remember the day when/on which we first met in Nantong?

This is the room where/in which we lived last year.

Do you know the reason why/for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party?

有時定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關係，尤其在非限制性定語從句中，常使用“介詞 + which”結構，而不使用關係副詞。例：

My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

3. 關係副詞“when”、“where”既可引導限制性定語從句，也可引導非限制性定語從句。例：

I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.

He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

有時關係副詞“when”、“where”引導的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現象，是為了平衡句子的語法需要。

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil”.

簡述“介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句

在“介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句的運用中，介詞和關係代詞的選用需注意以下幾點：

一、介詞的選用原則

1.根據定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配來決定。

①This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan. (spend money on sth.為固定搭配)

② This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. (pay money for sth.為固定搭配)

2.根據先行詞的搭配習慣來決定。

① I remember the day on which I joined the League. (強調在具體某一天前要用介詞on)

②I remember the days during which I lived here. (強調在某幾天時間內要用介詞during)

③ I remember the month in which I stayed there. (在month前介詞要用in)

④ I don’t like the way (that /in which) he spoke to her. (先行詞為way，表示“方式、方法”後接that 或in which或者省略)

二、若介詞放在關係代詞前，關係代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who、that;關係代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關係代詞是所有格時用whose。

① 剛才跟你談話的那個人是我的鄰居。

The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)

The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)

② 我們去加拿大所乘坐的飛機實在很舒服。

The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)

The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)

三、介詞可以後移，關係代詞可以省略。

① The person to whom you’ll write is Mr. Ball.

=The person (whom/that/who) you’ll write to is Mr. Ball.

②What do you think of the materials (which/that) these clothes were made of?

=What do you think of the materials of which these clothes were made?

四、含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的後面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。

① 這是我正在找的手錶。

This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)

This is the watch for which I am looking. (誤)

② 那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)

The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (誤)

五、“介詞+關係代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞。如：

① In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

② There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

③ Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.