英語四級常用語法收錄大綱

有時候, 條件從句表示的.動作和主句表示的動作, 發生的時間是不一致的(如一個是過去發生的, 一個是現在發生的). 這時, 動詞的形式要根據表示的時間來調整. 這種句子可以稱為錯綜時間條件句.

If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.

If we hadn't got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

有時假設的情況並不以條件從句表示, 而是通過一個介詞短語來表示.

Without music, the world would be a dull place.

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

That would have been considered miraculous in the past.

But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

如果條件句從句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有時可把if省略掉, 並把were, had, should或could放在主語前面.

Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.

Should there be a flood, what should we do?

Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.

Ⅳ 介詞

　　合成介詞和複雜介詞

合成介詞: inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without

複雜介詞: according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, prior to等

　　介詞在句末:

This is what he is interested in.

Does everyone has a seat to sit on?

　　名詞加介詞 ( n + prep)

某些名詞之後要求用某些介詞: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for

某些名詞之前要求用某些介詞: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight

　動詞加介詞

Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon

Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等

Vi + adv + prep:

I don't wish to break in on your thoughts.

The family came up against fresh problems.

You're not telling me the whole story. You're holding out on me.

She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.

Vt + O + adv +prep:

You shouldn't take your resentment out on me.

We shouldn't put the shortage down to bad planning.

　　形容詞加介詞

about --- anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etc

at --- awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless, weak, etc

for --- convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc

from --- evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc

in --- deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etc

of --- apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent, jealous,

positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etc

on --- dependent, keen, intent, etc

to --- acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential, favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc

with --- awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc