考研英語語法形式錯誤及糾錯分析

1.破句

破句又稱為“片語”，也是寫作中經常出現的錯誤之一。簡單地説，破句就是斷句，它在語義上是不完整的、在語法上是不正確的。如：

【例1】

誤：I spent almost three hours on the phone ng to find a garage to repair my car.

正：I spent almost three hours on the phone yesterday，trying to find a garage to repair my car.

【例2】

誤：Talking with an old friend usually reviving old as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

正：Talking with an old friend，one can usually revive old memories，such as college pranks，football games，and wartime experience.

【例3】

誤：The class often starts example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

正：The class of ten starts late，for example，yesterday at a quarter past nine instead of at nine sharp.

【例4】

誤：The whole area is honey combed by of which are still unexplored.

正：The whole area is honey combed by caves，many of which are still unexplored.

【例5】

誤：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage are given as decimal.

正：Parts of numbers smaller than 1 are sometimes expressed in terms of fraction，but in scientific usage they are given as decimal.

2.融合句

所謂融合句，就是兩個或兩個以上的句子沒有適當的標點符號或連詞而融合在一起。如：

【例1】

誤：The girl made the fire the boy cooked the steaks.

正：The girl made the fire，and the boy cooked the steaks.

【例2】

誤：There is no fool who is happy no wise man who is not.

正：There is no fool who is happy，and no wise man who is not.(世上沒快樂的愚人，也沒有不快樂的.智者。)

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【例3】

誤：The future is bright the road ahead is tortuous.

正：The future is bright while the road ahead is tortuous.

【例4】

誤：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of it you may succeed.

正：Everything starts from nothing，and begins with each tiny bit of it，and you may succeed.

【例5】

誤：Johnson decided to quit didnt want to die of lung cancer.

正：Johnson decided to quit smoking，because he didnt want to die of lung cancer.

3.懸垂修飾語

修飾語必須非常明確地修飾句子中的某一個詞或某一組詞。懸垂修飾是指修飾語與其邏輯主語之間產生意義上的矛盾，或者在句子初看好像修飾某個詞語，但實際上什麼也沒有修飾，使修飾語處於懸浮狀態，無處着落。非謂語動詞或介詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。如果句子的主語不能充當其邏輯主語，就得另加上邏輯主語，否則該非謂語動詞或介詞短語便是懸垂結構了。如：

【例1】

誤：To discover the truth about happiness，questions must be asked on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

正：To discover the truth about happiness，we must ask questions on how these competing ideas relate to reality.

【例2】

誤：When only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

正：When only a little girl，I was taken to New York by my father.

或：正：When I was only a little girl，my father took me to New York.

【例3】

誤：My term paper was finished after sitting up half the night.

正：After sitting up half the night，I finished my term paper.

【例4】

誤：Jogging slowly along the street，my eye was caught by many beautiful skirts.

正：Jogging slowly along the street，I caught sight of many beautiful skirts.

【例5】

誤：While traveling from Nanjing to Beijing，many new buildings could be seen.

正：While traveling from Nanjing to Beijing，I saw many new buildings.