最新大學英語四級考試閲讀習題訓練

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　　San Juan & Jamba Juice

　　1. San Juan

San Juan, capital, largest city, chief port, and commercial and cultural center of Puerto Rico. The city is named after Saint John the Baptist (Spanish: San Juan Bautista). The latest census estimates place the city's population at 433,733, making it the 42nd-largest city under the jurisdiction of the United States. It is also the oldest European settlement in United States territory.

Coffee, tobacco, sugar, and fruit are exported from the busy port, mainly to the United States. San Juan's industries include tourism, brewing, distilling, and publishing; manufactures include metal products, cement, and clothing. The city is Puerto Rico's financial center and has many international banks and business corporations. San Juan also has an international airport. The city's old section, situated on two rocky islets guarding one of the best harbors in the Caribbean, is linked by bridges with the mainland.

The bay was named Puerto Rico (rich port) by Ponce de León, who in 1508 founded a settlement at nearby Caparra. In 1521 the settlement was moved across the bay to San Juan's present site. Strongly fortified, it withstood attacks by English buccaneers in 1595 but succumbed for a few months in 1598 to George Clifford, earl of Cumberland, and was sacked by the Dutch in 1625. San Juan's port gained increasing importance during the 18th and 19th cent. U.S. troops occupied the city during the Spanish-American War in 1898.

In the old city, whose narrow streets, small shops, and houses with overhanging balconies recall a colonial atmosphere, there are impressive historic buildings: El Morro castle (begun 1539), which commands the harbor entrance and is a national monument; San Cristóbal castle (begun 1631), originally a Spanish fort; and La Fortaleza (begun 1529), a former fort now used as the governor's official residence. Other San Juan landmarks include San José Church (founded c.1523), the oldest church in continuous use in the Western Hemisphere; Casa Blanca (1523); and the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista, which contains the tomb of Ponce de León. Also in the city are the Univ. of Puerto Rico and its School of Tropical Medicine, the College of the Sacred Heart, a campus of the InterAmerican Univ. of Puerto Rico, and the Museum of Art of Puerto Rico. Nearby are several resort beaches (notably the Condado and Isla Verde), which attract tourists from North America.

Jamba Juice is a chain of smoothie restaurants headquartered in San Francisco, California with 533 locations operating in 26 states, the District of Columbia and the Bahamas. 324 locations are company-owned and 209 locations are franchised. For the 12 months ending January 10, 2006, system wide sales were $345 million, which included sales of $230 million from company locations. The company has achieved a compound annual growth rate of 20% per year over the last three fiscal years.

Jamba Juice was founded by Kirk Perron, Joe Vergara, Kevin Peters, and Linda Olds in 1990 as California Juice Club in San Luis Obispo, California. In 1995 Juice Club changed its name to Jamba Juice. It is known as one of the top smoothie stores worldwide. The company's website claims that "Jamba" derives from the "African" word "Jama," which means "to celebrate, taking care of body, mind and soul is a way of celebrating life."

Jamba has an operating agreement with Whole Foods to sell only "natural" products inside some of their locations, which includes their smoothies' ingredients. For this reason, offerings at Whole Foods sites may differ from those at stand-alone sites.

　　閲讀理解原文及其譯文

Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth.

通訊技術在傳遞真相的時候並不是簡單地和真相本身一致。

The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.

從第一項對使用不同通訊媒介時的誠實程度的比較重可以看出，人們在使用電話時的説謊機率是使用電子郵件時的兩倍。

The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt (困擾) you-appears to be the key to the finding.

因為電子郵件內容會被自動記錄下來----並可能對你造成困擾----這就是這項研究的關鍵所在。

Jeff Hancock of Cor'nell University in Ithaca ['iθəkə] , New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week.

Jeff Hancock在位於紐約州伊薩卡的康奈爾大學執教，他曾要求30個學生記錄一週中每天的.通訊情況。

In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.

參與其中的人需要記錄超過10分鐘的對話或者電子郵件通訊的數量，並且要坦誠自己説了多少謊話。

Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.

Hancock據此推算出使用各種通訊媒介在每次交流過程中説謊的次數。他得出結論：謊言在電子郵件通訊中佔了14%，在當面溝通中佔了27%，而在電話交流中佔了37%

His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in Vienna[viˈenə], Austria['ɔ:striə], in April, have surprised psychologists.

這項研究結果於4月份再奧地利維也納的“人與電腦互動國際會議”上被宣讀，並且令心理學家們感到驚訝。

Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of e-mailing would make it easier to lie.

有人認為電子郵件是最主要的謊言媒介，因為欺騙會讓人不適，而電子郵件非直接接觸的特性使其更容易成為謊言發生的渠道。

Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.

還有人認為在當面交流的過程中更容易説謊，因為當面交流史最常見的溝通方式。(因為人們更擅長當面交流，所以撒謊技術更嫻熟)。

But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether occurs in real time.

但是Hancock認為同樣重要的是對話過程是否會被記錄下來並能夠被重新閲讀，以及對話是否是即時發生的。

People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

當人們覺得時候要對交流過程負責時，就會對説謊存有恐懼感。這就是為什麼電子郵件中的謊言要少於電話中的。

People are also more likely to lie in real time-in an instant message to phone call, say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.

Hancock説，與有時間思考如何迴應的情況相比，人們也更傾向於在即時交流過程中説謊---例如在即時信息或者電話中。

He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: "Do you like my dress?"

他發現很多謊言都是對一些偶然問題脱口而出的迴應，例如："你覺得我的裙子怎麼樣?"

Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.

Hancock希望他的研究結果能幫助公司找出員工之間溝通的最佳途徑。

For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth.

But, given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

但是根據該項研究結果，在做以誠實為重的工作時，最好還是發電子郵件。