如何在託福寫作中選用詞彙和句型

諺語，即proverb。很多都陪伴我們一路成長，有很多的警世名言都可以應用到寫作中，可以給你的文章提升説服力。諺語的應用一般要注意一下幾點：

第一， 要考慮到東西方文化的差異。畢竟我們的文章是給外國友人欣賞的，所以要注意諺語的背景。説句不客氣的話，我們上下五千年的歷史長河裏流淌了太多的文化，有太多東西讓這些可愛的閲卷人看不懂了。

例如：no pain, no gain 不勞無獲，no sacrifice , no gain 不入虎穴，焉得虎子

這兩個no…no…的成語很多人都知道，其含義可以被全世界人接受，所以在TOEFL的文章中被頻繁使用。 但是，no hunt, no bark 這個成語，直譯過來是説不去打獵就不需要聽到狗叫了，成語裏的典故講的是韓信説過的一句話：鳥盡弓藏，兔死狗烹。這句話我們很容易理解，而因為文化背景的區別，從原文理解起來對西方邏輯有點困難，所以不建議各位在託福的寫作中應用。

第二， 學會靈活地運用諺語。挑選諺語是第一步，接下來的就是你如何去使用它了。比較常見的是作為主旨句出現在段落之中，這個前邊提到了一些，例如：Knowledge will never lie 和It’s delightful to have friends from distant lands。表示友誼重要性的還有Friendship never sinks即友誼之船永不沉沒，等等。

以下提供一些寫作中比較常見的好的諺語，希望各位斟酌使用。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧

Patience is the road to understanding. 理解萬歲

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬

Attitudes define everything. 態度決定一切

Every coin has its two sides. 有利有弊

One’s meat is another’s poison. 己所不欲，勿施於人

講了這麼多的'句型和從句，應用起來也要注意方法，切忌移花接木，強買強賣。我見過很多考生喜歡寫強調句，因為格式簡單，模仿起來也容易，但是如果在每一個段落都出現倒裝或者強調句，那也就不能凸現強調的意義了，反而讓人感覺重複，索然無味。有些時候文章的段落裏是不需要大篇幅應用從句的，強行介入的從句反而會使句子讀起來文字繁宂羅列，好像負擔很重的樣子；諺語的使用要謹慎小心，合理的使用可以讓閲卷人對你佩服的五體投地，盲目的應用可能會讓人曲解你所表達的意思，所以我們不要做畫蛇添足的事，對於TOEFL文章而言，更多精力要放在段落的整體性上，不需要應用的語法和詞彙就乾脆不用，寧缺毋濫。

構思協調結構，結構配合論證，論證揣摩方法，文章才會有整體感和説服力；單詞組成句子，句子形成段落，段落構成文章，不僅僅針對TOEFL，任何一篇好的文章都不是一個孤立的個體，而是一點一滴積累起來的，有一種羣擁而起的感覺。文章中閃光的詞彙和句型，都是點滴的精華，使得你的文章可以讓人讀後有一種賞心悦目的感覺，如果這樣的話，你的作文就成功了，因為只有讀者説好的文章才是真正意義上的好文章。

以下貢獻一篇IBT託福的議論文範文，文章結構上遵循規則，總分總的格式貫穿到底。內容上句式尋求清晰明瞭，語言也符合first draft的要求，論證則以例證為主導，通篇閲讀下來有很好的整體性， 推薦各位考生模仿。

Private highway or Public transportation。

I believe that our government should spend more money on transportation. Here is why。

First of all, public transportation such as buses and subways can deliver a great amount of people at the same time. For instance, subways can always transfer hundreds of people to their destinations as soon as possible. Long distance buses will give a handful of help to many people who work in a different city as they live. In addition, local buses are heroes for making our everyday life easier。

Secondly, public transportation can effectively relieve the traffic congestion in rush hour. For example, living in a metropolitan like New York or Toronto, people are highly recommended to take public transportation. Not only the gasoline price today is scaring people away, but they always agree that it can take them forever to get out of a traffic jam in rush hour。

Last but not least, buses and subways today are typically powered by low emission fuels and even electricity. The government should realize that this will make a great contribution to the city’s environment. In the other hand, environmental problem has been raised as a global concern. I think our government should not consider the future impact of car emissions at last; otherwise they will eventually spend more money from their budget to save the environment。

As a matter of fact, highway improvement is somehow required as well. Nowadays, in the city I am living, almost every family owns a car. My parents are living outside the city, they drive to work everyday. In holidays, they will invite me to have a trip. We can plan the trip wherever we want to go. People have more freedom to travel with cars, and it turns out that highways are always occupied during weekend。

To conclude, public transportation requires more attention from our government. For instance, such as the quality of buses, the appropriate increase of routes and the safety concerns。