託福口語第一題考試時間如何分配

明確需要表達的例子

首先。我們要明確一下"細節"或"例子"所指的是什麼。《官方指南》明確要求在第一題中，"You should include specific details and/or examples"(p. 167)去支撐理由，而具體怎麼操作，《官方指南》也給出了範例，比如167頁的例題："Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation."在針對這道題的分析當中，《官方指南》指出在説原因時可以説是這位教師表現出了很獨特的個人品質，而後面的細節就應該是對此進行描述或者提出相關證據："occasions when you noticed it, the effect it had on you, and so forth"(p. 168)。由此看來，考生在提供具體細節時不一定是要講一個故事，也可以是具體的現象、場合或影響。根據官方的這種要求，一般可以用兩種方法迅速擴展細節：分層法和列舉法。

學會使用分層法闡述

對於託福口語第一題考試時間分配來説，分層法是最為普通也是最為有效的方法。分層法是指先將理由信息縮小到一個更具體的範圍，然後再迅速給出細節的方法，這些常用的具體範圍可包括"學習"、"生活"、"思想"三方面。一般來講，理由信息越是抽象越是不容易給出細節。比如説之前20xx年1月14日那道人物題--要求考生描述最喜歡花時間相處的人，我們用之前的方法已經很快可以確定對象和理由，但關於人物特徵的理由往往會比較抽象，比如有考生會回答這個人是"my father"，原因之一是"He is open-minded"。在這裏open-minded的細節如何給出會讓考生感到頭疼。那麼我們先把open-minded這個詞分層，比如將其範圍縮小到"學習"上，什麼樣的現象可以證明在"學習"方面是open-mined的呢?這時很多同學就會立即想到"不會因為孩子一次考試不好就責備孩子"這樣的實例，而大學生往往也會想到"尊重孩子對自己學習專業的選擇"等具體情況。如果將這個詞範圍縮小到"生活"上，又會有同學馬上想到"尊重孩子的興趣愛好和生活習慣"等等可以舉例的角度。照此看來，所謂"思想"上的open-minded也不難猜測了，一般定是與尊重孩子的某一想法有關。同學們在這項練習中往往會發現一個神奇的事實：先分層次，例子竟會如泉水般從頭腦中湧出。

學會使用列舉法闡述

列舉法則是直接列舉出具體的體現，對於託福口語第一題考試時間也是很有幫助的。比如要證明"My father is very talented",則可以直接擺出以下事實："He read a lot of classical literature works in his youth and he can play three kinds of music instruments"。如要證明"My father is forward-looking",也可以直接陳述以下事例："My father thought it was a smart move to send me to study abroad, so he taught me English when I was little"。列舉的事實可以成為分層後的實例，也可以單獨使用。兩種方法如果都能夠熟練掌握或者融會貫通，勢必會幫助考生在黃金15秒之內完成基本的準備工作。

託福口語：家庭話題

與家庭相關的話題是託福口語考試中經常出現的話題，除此之外，考生也可以在談論其他話題時靈活的將家庭話題中使用的.一些語句運用到其中，因此，掌握家庭話題相關的詞彙和句子非常有用，我們將這些詞彙和句子整理如下供同學們參考。

1家庭成員：great-grandfather, great-grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, wife, husband, son, daughter, older brother, older sister, young brother, young sister, grandson, granddaughter, etc.

2家庭類型：a nuclear / small family核心家庭a big / large/extended family大家庭a single-parent family單親家庭

3親戚關係：grandaunt姑婆，姨婆;granduncle伯公，叔公，舅公，姑公，姨公; aunt嬸母，伯母，姨母，舅母; uncle叔父，伯父，姑父，姨父; cousin堂兄弟(姐妹)，表兄弟(姐妹); cousin-in-law堂姐(妹)夫，堂嫂，堂弟媳，表姐(妹)夫，表嫂，表弟媳; brother-in-law姐夫，妹夫; sister-in-law姑，姨，嫂，弟媳; son-in-law女婿; daughter-in-law兒媳; nephew侄兒，外甥; niece侄女，外甥女; grandnephew甥(外)孫，侄(外)孫; grandniece甥(外)孫女，侄(外)孫女; grandson-in-law孫女婿;granddaughter-in-law孫媳婦;etc.

4常用短語：feed / raise / support a family撫養家庭; found / start a family建立家庭;family property家產; family financial situation家境; family history家史; family tree家譜;family origin家庭出身; family responsibilities家庭責任; family function家庭功能; family relationship家庭關係; family planning家庭計劃; family education家庭教育; family structure家庭結構; family ethics家庭倫理; family consumption家庭消費;etc.

5常用句型：1. What do you want to say about your family? 2. How many people are there in your family? 3. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 4. Are you the oldest/youngest in your family?5. What do your parents do? 6. I grew up in a very close, loving family.7. I keep in touch with my family regularly. 8. I miss my family very much.

實例：

Narrator：

Now first listen to a conversation about the family and say something about Brian’s family. Please Listen Carefully. Lin: Brian, what’s up? You look unhappy. Brian: Oh, nothing particular, Lin. Just that I miss my family terribly. Lin: Me too. How many people are there in your family? Brian: Four. My parents, my elder sister and I. Lin: What do they do? Brian: My father works in a computer company, and my mother is a nurse. My older sister studies in Beijing, and we email each other fairly often. Lin: Are your parents strict with you? Brian: Yes, I think so. When I was at home, I had to clean my own room, help with house chores, finish my homework before dinner time, get back home no later than 9:00 in the evening, and so no. Lin: That’s good for you. Do you get along well with your family? Brian: Sure. I’m lucky to live in a strict yet loving family. I love them. Narrator:

You may begin to prepare your response after the beep.

2 seconds beep] Preparation time: 15 seconds

Response time: 45 seconds

Narrator:

Please begin speaking after the beep.

2 seconds beep] Suggested Answer:

There are four members in Brian’s family, his father, his mother, the elder sister and him. His father works in a computer company, and his mother is a nurse in a hospital. His older sister studies in Beijing, and they get in touch with each other by email. His parents are strict with him. When he was at home, he had to clean his own room, help with house chores, finish his homework before dinner time and get back home before 9:00. In short, Brian lives in a strict yet loving family.

詞彙與解析：WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

1. be strict with:嚴厲的，嚴格的

2. house chores:家務事，家務活

3. get along with:進展(情況);生活地，(友好地)與……相處

4. get in touch with保持聯繫答案解析：

這是兩名學生在討論家庭的一篇對話。這篇對話傳遞了三個信息。我們首先了解了Brian的家庭成員(Brian: Four. My parents, my elder sister and I.);其次，瞭解了Brian父母親的職業(My father works in a computer company, and my mother is a nurse.)，他的父親在一家計算機公司工作，母親是護士。最後，我們從對話中得知，Brian的父母親對他要求很嚴格：Brian在家的時候，他得自己打掃房間，幫助父母做家務活，晚飯前必須做完家庭作業，晚上九點之前必須回家。這些具體事例有力地證明了Brian的父母對他的嚴格要求。

我們不難看出Brian父母的良苦用心，希望Brian學習上養成良好的習慣，生活上鍛鍊他自理的能力，要求他分擔家務。家長培養孩子長大成材，就得從小事抓起，溺愛孩子只會使孩子嬌生慣養，依賴性強，事業上無所成就。這篇對話篇幅不長，卻體現了值得大家學習的一種家庭教育理念。