雅思考試寫作技巧之英語寫作要訣

英語寫作要訣

Agreement:主語和謂語在人稱、數上的一致，關係代詞與先行詞的一致。

Ambiguity:儘量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。

Brief:文章"簡為貴"，要抓住要點，簡明扼要。

Coherence:文理通順，前後連貫。

Development:主題的發揮應當充分、合理、正確。

Division:詞彙、句子、段落要分配使用得當，劃分要清楚，避免使用重複字句和種子片段。

Figures:正確合理使用各類修辭格式。

Inflated diction:不使用做作的語言。

Key:用適當的關鍵詞突出主題，每段都應有主題句。

Logical:內容要符合邏輯。

Message:信息要新鮮、確實、可信。

Omit:合理刪除多餘的.不必要部分。

Proposition:主張、觀點、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。

Punctuation:正確適時使用標點符號。

Relevant:文章一定要要題。

Sentence pattern:句型要儘量多樣化。

Strait:開門見山，直來直去。

Style:文體恰切，適合內容要求。

Tense:動詞時態要正確、一致、變化合理。

Theme:選題得當，主題突出。

談句型的靈活運用

句子也是如此，我們提倡簡煉，但不是説都用簡單句。有人認為在寫作考試中，採用簡單句、短句、容易掌握，不在會出錯，因而也最保險。這話沒有錯，但簡單句用得太多，造成簡單句的堆徹實際上是語言技巧不成熟、不老練，甚至語言水平低下的表現。在閲卷人員看來，同樣的意思內容，一個考生能夠運用比較複雜的句子結構來表達，其語言水平當然要比只會用簡單句來表達的考生的語言水平高出一截，就是有點錯也不妨礙他比後者取得較高的分數，因為他的難度係數要高。在某種意義上來説，在詞數相同的作文中，語言水平越高，語言技巧越熟練，句子的數目也就越少。這就意味着句子長了，句子結構複雜了。

當然，我們反對過多地使用簡單句並不是鼓勵學生去刻意追求長句、複雜句。我們追求的是句子結構的多變。一篇文章能根據表達的內容使用不同的句子結構，會產生較好的藝術效果。

例子1 The Career I Pursue的主體段：

A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones. First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world-the very thing I like to do in my life. Second, teaching means freedom. As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me. Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catching a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, and no more worries about being laid off because you are getting old.

文中有4個詞的短句:First, teaching is learning.也有27個詞的長句:To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world-the very thing I like to do in my life.有簡單句,也有複雜句:As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me;還有同位語句，斷裂句，排比句，比較句等,因而文章讀起來節奏感強。所謂句子變化，主要是指句子的開頭要有變化，句子的結構要有變化，句子的長度要有變化。不要連續使用幾個簡單句，要學會使用複雜句。

例子2 a) Teenagers are pressured by school work. They arealso encouraged by their peers. Under suchcircumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimesthey feel a little guilty.

b) Pressured by school work and encouraged by theirpeers, teenagers often resort to smoking, toughthey feel a little guilty sometimes.

不要總是以有生命的名詞和人稱代詞開頭(受漢語表達習慣的影響,不少考生都喜歡以I，People，We等開頭)。

例子3 a) Many people think birth control is quite necessaryin China.

b) It is widely/commonly thought/believed/held/acceptedthat birth control is quite necessary in China.

a) More and more people agree (realize/are aware)that women should enjoy full equality with men.

b) There is a growing agreement (realization/awareness)that women should enjoy full equality with men.

a) Many Chinese people have gone to the UnitedStates in the past 15 years.

b) The past 15 years have brought many Chinesepeople to the United States.

a) We almost forget this event.

b) This event is now almost fading from our memory.