雅思考試精選閲讀長難句解析
導語：在做英語閲讀的過程中，難免出現一些長句難句，下面是YJBYS小編整理的雅思考試精選閲讀長難句解析，歡迎參考!
31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進行的研究，對自然條件下的羣落捕食速率進行了估計，其手段是通過測量出實驗室內單獨的浮游動物種類的捕食速率，然後利用已知的食草動物種羣密度，計算出實地狀況下的羣落捕食速率。
32. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.
在浮游動物數量激增的高峯期，亦即在春季後期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日羣落食草比率，對於營養物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言，分別為每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.
33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.
水文循環(hydrologic cycle)，作為該學科中的一個主要課題，指的是水所經過的諸現象的整個循環過程，開始時是作為大氣中的水蒸氣，轉而作為雨、雪、露、雹一類的降水量經過液體和固體形態，由此而沿着地層表面分佈或進入地層表面，最終通過蒸發和散發作用再度回覆到大氣水蒸氣的形態。
34. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.
只有當一個系統擁有自然的或人工形成的邊界來把邊界中的水與水文循環聯繫起來的時候，才有可能把整個的系統恰當的成為與水文地質學有關。
35. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier——that is，the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.
史學家弗雷德裏克.傑.特納(Frederick er)於十九世紀九十年代著述道，美國約自18世紀70年代以來一直在持續不斷髮展的農民不滿，由於國內邊遠地區(internal frontier)的封閉而更趨加劇——亦即是説，美國農業系統進一步擴展所必需的可資利用的新土地幾近耗竭。
36. In the early 1950's，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.
二十世紀五十年代早期，研究前工業化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家，首次以眾多的人數(楊鵬的書中：第一次以大量的數據)，開始調查前工業化時代歐洲人口中的大多數，而非那些構成了政治與社會精英階層的`百分之二或三的人口，即國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方上的達官顯貴，而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥於史學著作。
37. Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and the law)and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
象勒羅伊。拉迪裏(Le Roy Ladurie)一類的史學家利用這些文獻史料從中挖掘出某些個案史(case history)來，闡明瞭不同社會羣體的態度(這些態度包括，但並非侷限於，對犯罪和法律的態度)，並揭示出當局是如何執行審判的。
38. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?
從文章中可以推斷出來，一個希望比較十五世紀以前一個十年的某個歐洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率與另外一個十年中的犯罪率的歷史學家將會被以下那種信息的提高所最好的幫助?
39. My point is that its central consciousness-its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people's lives-owes much to that earlier literary heritage，a heritage that，in general，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
我的論點是，其作品的中心意識——它將階級和性別作為人們生活的決定性影響而作出的深邃理解——在很大程度上借鑑了那個早期的文學遺產，而這一遺產就總體而言還尚未獲得大多數當代文學評論家的足夠重視。
40. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.
即使是這樣的要求，即從這些材料中加工出來的生物材料應該對受移植者的組織無害，也能夠通過從研究組織培養對生物材料的反應而來的，或從研究短期移植而來的技術來滿足。
41. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.
但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物質之間的界面獲取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某種知識，即什麼樣的分子控制着細胞彼此間的結合——而對這一領域，我們尚未進行充分的探索。
42. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law-notwithstanding，of course，a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.
伊斯蘭法是一種如此不同於所有其它法律形式的現象——毋庸置疑，儘管就其主要內容和有積極意義的法規而言，與其它法律形式中的這種或那種形式存在着相當數量的且不可避免的巧合相似之處——以致於對它進行研究便顯得不可或缺，以便充分理解有可能存在的法律現象的全部範圍。
43. (Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law.)Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel)， the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud， one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.
儘管從歷史角度來看，在古代以色列作為獨立主權國家的猶太教法與大流散時期(Diaspora，即以色列被征服後古代猶太人被巴比倫人逐出故土)的猶太教法之間存在着一個明晰可辨的斷裂，然則，《舊約全書》(Old Testament)後半部分中法律內容的精神與《猶太教法典》(Talmud)極為一脈相承，而所謂的《猶太教法典》，是指大流散時期猶太教法的主要典籍輯錄之一。
44. Islam，on the other hand，represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it;Islamic law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle，(examination)of legal subject matter that was far from uniform，comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.
另一方面，伊斯蘭教則代表着與此前存在的阿拉伯異教(Arab paganism)的一種根本上的決裂;伊斯蘭法是從宗教的角度，對各種雜亂無章、絕無共同點的法律內容進行考察所致的結果，而這些法律內容實際上是由前伊斯蘭阿拉伯國家(Pre-Islamic Arabia)法律的不盡相同的組成部分以及由從被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鑑過來的無數法律因素所構成。 (as it did )實際上是一句插入語。
45. One such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence，(there is ) the intensified research on legumes.
這其中的一個新穎思想就是，在植物的染色體(chromosome)內注入並非是該植物自然構造一個部分的那些不相關聯的因基：具體而言，這一思想是，在非豆科植物內注入這樣一些基因，倘若這些基因可被辨識出來並被分離開來，而這些基因業已使豆科植物宜於充當那些具備固氮作用的細菌的寄主。由此，對豆科植物的研究日趨深入。
46. It is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.
下述情形真可謂是自然界的一個莫大諷刺：土壤中所能獲得的氮肥量往往對植物的生長構成了一個上限，雖然植物的葉子被沐浴在一片氮氣的海洋中。
47. Unless they succeed，the yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated，and even if the transfer of those gene complexes，once they are found， becomes possible.
除非他們能取得成功，不然的話，綠色革命的產量收益將在很大程度上損失殆盡，即使豆科植物中使這些植物有條件進入到與固氮細菌共生關係的基因可被辨識出來和分離開來的話，且即使這些基因綜合體(gene complex)，一旦被發現之後，其移植得以成為可能的話。
48. Its subject(to use Maynard Mack's categories)is "life-as-spectacle，" for readers, diverted by its various incidents，observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without;the tragic Iliad，however，presents "life-as-experience"：readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.
其主題〔若借鑑梅納德。邁克(Maynard Mack)的兩個分類範疇的話〕是"人生作為外部景象"，因為讀者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，主要是從外部來觀察其主人公奧德修斯(Odyssus)的;然而，富於悲劇色彩的《伊利亞特》所表現的則是"人生作為內心體驗"：讀者被要求與阿基琉斯(Achilles)的心靈產生共鳴，而其行為動機卻致使他變作一個並非特別惹人喜愛的主人公。 (從分號後的語句推理出前面的意思)注：hero:主人公;without:外部;likable:有吸引力的
49. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement： before maturity one eye migrates，so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.
在一條成年比目魚身上顯著存在的諸多不對稱(asymmetry)特徵中，最為吸人注目的是眼睛的擺位：在成年之前，一隻眼睛發生移動，因此在成年比目魚身上，兩隻眼睛均位於頭部的同一側面。
50. A critique of Handlin's interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660's suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded .
一個對於H的關於為何法律上的奴隸制沒有在17世紀60年代以前出現的原因所作解釋的批評顯示，關於奴隸制和種族偏見之間的關係的假説應當重新檢查，而且顯示出，對於在北美和南美之間的對黑怒的不同處理的解釋應當被擴展。
