2018考研英語拓展閲讀
引導語：以下是本站小編為大家整理的2018考研英語拓展閲讀，供大家多讀多練多積累，歡迎閲讀!
閲讀一
BANGKOK (AFP) - Thailand’s new King Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun has issued a mass prisoner pardon, a first act of "mercy" as monarch as he reaches out to his subjects following the death of his beloved father.
曼谷(法新社)——泰國新國王哇集拉隆功日前宣佈大赦囚犯，這是自其父親、前國王普密蓬逝世，新國王登基後，首次展示他的慈悲。
Revered King Bhumibol Adulyadej died in October aged 88 after a seven-decade reign, leaving the politically febrile nation without its unifying figure.
廣受愛戴的普密蓬國王於今年10月病逝，享年88歲，他已在位70年，使得這個政治狂躁的國家失去了靈魂人物。
His only son was proclaimed king in early December.
12月初，他唯一的兒子被提名為國王。
But the thrice-divorced monarch is yet to draw the same level of devotion from a public well-versed in rumours over his private life.
然而，由於私生活醜聞，這位有着三次婚姻的王儲沒有得到公眾同樣的愛戴。
The prisoner pardon was King Maha Vajiralongkorn’s "first chance since he succeeded the throne to show the king’s mercy," according to a statement published on Sunday in palace mouthpiece the Royal Gazette.
據泰國《王室公報》在星期天發表的一份聲明，大赦囚犯是新國王成功繼承王位後“首次有機會展示他的慈悲。”
Pardons were annual events under the late king.
已故國王生前每年都會大赦囚犯。
Women jailed for first offences, some inmates who have served one third of their sentences, and prisoners with disabilities or serious illness were among those pardoned.
被提前釋放的囚犯包括：首次服刑的女性犯人，一些至少已服三分之一刑期以上的犯人，殘障人士，重症患者等。
The decree did not say how many prisoners will be freed.
法令並未説明會有多少罪犯被釋放。
閲讀二
A 12G data package belonging to , a leading online retail platform in China, has reportedly been leaked. The package contains tens of millions of pieces of personal data, including user names, passwords, email addresses and IDs, according to a report by Jiemian News.
據報道，中國著名網購平台京東()泄露了12G信息。據界面新聞報(Jiemian News)道，泄露的信息中含有數千萬條個人信息，包括用户名、密碼、郵件地址和身份證號。
In an announcement on Dec. 11, said the leak originated from a Struts 2 vulnerability in 2013, and the company has fixed the problem. The announcement further suggested that users activate mobile certification and payment codes, and update and strengthen their login passwords.
在12月11日的一份聲明中，京東表示説信息泄露的源頭是該公司2013年留下的一個Struts 2漏洞，目前該公司已經修復了這一問題。該聲明進一步建議用户激活手機認證和支付代碼，並且修改登陸密碼、提高密碼的安全性。
This is the second time that has been involved in a user information leak. In 2015, three employees of sold a total of 9,313 pieces of information, including names, telephone numbers and addresses, for between 0.3 RMB and 1.5 RMB per piece.
這已經是京東第二次泄露用户信息了。2015年，京東3名員工出售了一共9313條信息，包括用户姓名、電話號碼和地址，每條信息售價0.3元到1.5元不等。
閲讀三
People should not overreact to the fall in ranking of Chinese students in the 2015 Program for International Student Assessment; they should focus on what the test results indicate about the education system in China, experts said.
在2015年國際學生評估項目中(PISA)，中國學生的排名有所下降(排在第十位)，但是有專家指出人們不應對此反應過度，他們應該關注這一測試結果所反應出的中國教育系統中存在的問題。
Chinese students’ scores fell across the board in science, reading and mathematics in the 2015 PISA compared with 2012, although they were able to retain their top-10 ranking in science and math, according to an assessment of results released on Tuesday by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
據上週二經合組織公佈的一份結果評估來看，和2012年相比，中國學生2015年國際學生評估項目中科學、閲讀、以及數學的分數全線下跌，儘管中國學生的科學和數學成績仍然能夠排在前十。
The 2015 PISA was taken by about 540,000 students aged 15 in 72 countries and economies on science, math and collaborative problem-solving. In China, students in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai took the two-hour test.
共有來自72個國家和經濟體的54萬名15歲學生參加了2015年國際學生評估項目測試，測試內容包括科學、數學和協同問題解決等。來自中國北京、江蘇、廣東和上海的`學生麼們參加了這場2小時的測試。
Shanghai began participating in the PISA in 2009 and was the only city on the Chinese mainland partaking in the test. In both the 2009 and 2012 tests, Shanghai surpassed all other participating countries and regions.
上海從2009年開始參加PISA項目，是當時中國大陸唯一一個參加該項測試的城市。在2009年和2012年的兩次測試中，上海打敗了其他所有參賽的國家和地區名列第一。
However, in the 2015 test, Singapore dominated across all three subjects, ranking first and outperforming the rest of the world. Students in Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai scored a median 518 and were ranked 10th in science, compared with the 580 that students from Shanghai alone scored in 2012.
但是在2015年的測試中，新加坡制霸了所有三項測試，超過了所有其他國家和地區排在第一位。北京、江蘇、廣東和上海學生的得分中位數是518分，科學成績排在第十位，而2012年測試中上海學生的得分中位數達到了580分。
For mathematics, students in China scored 531 and were ranked sixth, compared with 613 in 2012. Their score in reading was 494, a more obvious decline compared with 2012.
在數學方面，中國學生得到了531分，排在第六位，而2012年的時候這一成績是613分。中國學生閲讀成績494分，相比於2012年下降更明顯。
Yong Zhao, a professor at the University of Kansas’ school of education, said that there is no reason to overreact to China’s scores, because he doesn’t believe the PISA "measures the totality of the quality of education of any education system".
堪薩斯大學教育學院教授趙勇(音)表示説，沒有必要對中國的分數反應過度，因為他認為PISA不能“衡量任何教育系統的整體教育水平”。
He said that adding more provinces to the test might have caused the dip, but that there could have been other contributing factors.
趙勇表示説，參加測試的省份變多就可能會造成分數下降，但又有可能存在其他影響因素。
"Overall, we don’t need to read too much into PISA or other international tests," he wrote in an email response to questions.
他在一份回答疑問的郵件中寫道：“總的來説，我們不需要過分解讀PISA和其他一些國際測試的結果。”
Lu Jing, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences, agreed. She said the change in participating cities and provinces had a big impact on the test results, adding that as students from Shanghai represented the highest level and best performance, it’s normal that the average test scores fell after more cities and provinces were involved in the test.
上海教育科學研究院研究員盧靜(音)也同意這一觀點。據她表示説，參加測試省市的變化對測試結果有巨大的影響。盧靜表示説，因為上海學生水平最高、表現最好，因此在更多省市參加這一測試之後，平均分數下降是一件很正常的事情。
Lu, who is also secretary of the PISA Shanghai research center, added that she is more interested in what the scores and rankings reflect about China’s education system.
盧靜還擔任PISA上海研究中心的祕書，她表示説自己更感興趣的是這一分數和排名所反應出的中國教育系統存在的問題。
"Big gaps now exist among students from different provinces and regions, while the proportion of Chinese students who have a real passion for math and science is still low," she said. "Solving these problems is more important and meaningful to Chinese educators than just looking at the scores."
盧靜説道：“現在不同省份和地區的學生之間存在着巨大的差距，而中國學生真正熱愛數學和科學的比例仍然很低。對中國的教育者們來説，解決這些問題要比只盯着這些分數要更加重要和有意義。”
閲讀四
Koichi Hagiuda did not give a reason as to why the gift had been rejected.
生田光一(Koichi Hagiuda)並沒有透露普京拒絕接受日本送狗的原因。
Japan gave Mr Putin a female Akita called Yume in 2012. This dog was intended as a companion for her.
2012年，日本將一隻名為“夢”的雌性秋田犬送給了普京。此次這隻狗本來打算作為它的“新郎”。
Mr Hagiuda wrote in a blog post: "Unfortunately, we heard from our counterparts, and our hope to present a bridegroom was dashed."
生田光一在博客中寫道説：“很不幸，從俄羅斯政府得到的消息，我們希望送上一位‘新郎’的夢想破滅了。”
If accepted, the gift would have been presented to the Russian president at a summit with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Japan next week.
如果俄羅斯接受了這一禮物的話，那麼就將在下週普京和日本首相安倍晉三舉行會晤時呈給普京。
Akitas originate from northern Japan.
秋田犬原產於日本北方。
Mr Putin also owns a male Bulgarian Shepherd called Buffy, which was given to him by the Bulgarian prime minister in 2010.
普京還有一隻名為“巴菲”的雄性保加利亞牧羊犬，保加利亞總理2010年將其作為禮物送給了普京。
His Labrador, Konni, given to him as a gift by Sergey Shoigu, currently Russian defence minister, died in 2014.
現任俄羅斯國防部長的謝爾蓋·紹伊古曾將一隻拉布拉多犬“科尼”送給普京，但是這隻狗在2014年的時候死了。
Mr Putin once brought Konni to a meeting with German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who is scared of dogs. Some press reports at the time said he had done so to intimidate her. But earlier this year, Mr Putin told a German newspaper that he did not know about her fear.
普京曾經帶着“科尼”去參加和德國總理默克爾的一場會議，而後者很怕狗。一些新聞報道稱，普京此舉是為了恐嚇默克爾。但是今年年初，普京對一家德國報紙透露説，自己並不知道默克爾怕狗。
He said: "When I learned that she does not like dogs, I apologised, of course."
普京説道：“當然，當我知道她怕狗之後，我對她表達了歉意。”
閲讀五
French far-right leader Marine Le Pen has called for an end to free education for foreign children.
法國右翼領導人勒普呼籲結束外國兒童免費教育。
In a speech in Paris, the National Front’s candidate in the 2017 presidential race next spring said she had nothing against foreigners.
在巴黎的一次演講中，2017年總統競選國民陣線候選人稱，她並不牴觸外國人。
"But I tell them: if you come to our country don’t expect to be taken care of, to be looked after, that your children will be educated without charge," she said.
她説：“但是我要告訴他們：如果你來到我們的國家，並不期待被照料，那麼你的孩子可以獲得免費教育。”
"No more playtime," she added.
她補充道：“再也不能兒戲了。”
Ms Le Pen is widely expected to be one of two candidates to reach the second and final round of the election in May.
人們普遍期望勒普女士成為五月第二輪和最後一輪總統選舉的兩名候選人之一。
Latest opinion polls suggest she is running neck-and-neck in polling for the first round with the centre-right candidate Francois Fillon.
最新民調顯示，第一輪投票中，她和右翼候選人弗朗索瓦·菲永不相上下。
However, around two-thirds of voters would choose Mr Fillon over Ms Le Pen in the deciding round.
然後在決定環節，三分之二的選民選擇朗索瓦先生而不是勒普女士。
Cutting immigration has long been a bedrock policy of the FN, and Ms Le Pen has campaigned hard to cut legal immigration dramatically to 10,000 a year and halt the right to family reunions.
一直以來，削減移民是右翼的基本政策，勒普女士一直努力將合法移民戲劇性地削減到每年一萬人，並且終止家庭團聚的權利。
Education has also been a central theme for the far-right leader. In 2014, she spoke out against providing substitute meals for pork dinners in schools for Muslims and Jews.
教育一直是右翼領導人的中心議題。2014年，她反對在穆斯林和猶太人的學校為豬肉晚餐提供替代餐。
However under French law dating back to 1881, free primary education is a basic right for all children. The right to education is also a fundamental tenet of the European Convention on Human Rights.
然而，根據可以追溯到1881年的法國法律，免費義務教育是所有兒童的基本權利。受教育權也是《歐洲人權公約》的基本原則。
Since she took over the running of the FN from her father almost six years ago, she has worked hard to detoxify the party’s extremist image and attract mainstream voters.
自六年以前，她從父親手中接管右翼後，她一直努力消除黨派的極端形象，吸引主流選民。
Her presidential campaign bears no trace of the party name and features a blue rose, borrowing imagery from both left and right.
她的總統競選沒有黨名痕跡，標誌為藍色玫瑰，借用左翼和右翼的形象。
