考研英語寫作概要

本文談談怎樣寫英語概要(Precis)，用實例講解考研英語摘要的寫作要點。要寫好一篇文章的概要應考生應具備兩種基本能力。首先應具備理解原文，掌握全文中心思想的能力；其次應具有用簡練的語言將原文的中心思想表達出來的能力。一般説來，概要的篇幅為原文的1/3至1/4，因此在寫概要時務必注意語言的概括和精練。概要寫作一般按下列步驟進行：

1.認真仔細地閲讀原文兩遍，理解和掌握全文的內容。

2.仔細地閲讀考題指令，明確瞭解考題要求，在原文上標出重點，如議論文中的論點 、論據；記敍文中的發展、高潮、結局等。

3.再一次閲讀原文，並將所需要採用的要點列出。要點的記錄應儘可能簡潔明瞭。

4.根據記錄的要點寫出概要的初稿，並儘可能不參照原文，除非當你需要核實某個要點。這將十分有益於用自己的`語言組織內容，而不是照抄原文中的某些詞句。完成初稿後應數一數字數，但千萬不可在寫完每一句句子即數字數。這樣不僅浪費寶貴的時間，而且會攪亂寫作的思路。

5.進行一些必要的修改和調整後，謄清完稿，並在最後註明具體字數。

應考生在重讀謄清稿時，有兩點還應牢記：首先，你寫出的概要內容必須忠實於原文，或者説精確(accurate)。概要中所有的內容和信息必須來源於原文，既不可篡改原文內容也不能包括原文未涉及到的內容。其次，概要讀起來應是一完整連貫的段落。要取得這一完整連貫，就應該使用一些連接詞(link－words)，如‘but’,‘and’,‘however’,‘also’等連接要點；同樣，也可使用諸如‘since’,‘though’,‘even if ’，‘when’,‘after’,‘before’等詞。請看下面一例子：

The sentry watched a hawk that hovered overhead,looking for some unsuspecting prey to pounce he heard the distant,muffled roar of planes,then the past week he had been told to take note of everything that happened on the hill within his range of vision,and to report anything hill led to an experimental factory,where new and secret weapons were e was a threat of war and the factory would be invaluable to the the approaches to it were watched day in,and day out.

He shifted his position;he felt that he had been crouching in the heather since the beginning of the time,but only a couple of hours of the day’s duty had enly he saw something falling from the sky like snow,only it was not snow.[He put out his hand and caught bits of that were drifting near were thin strips of metal to confuse delicate instruments,so that it would not be possible to detect the landing of enemy he heard a long,low,continuous roar from the east and saw bundles descending from the sky which looked like umbrellas opening,but which be knew to be parachutes with men hanging from wanted to go at once to give the alarm,but he had to be sure that the parachutes were not his own men out on an men were on ground of them pointed in the direction of secret factory and they all began marching toward had no more doubts and set off at once down the crawled slowly,sometimes on his stomach,sometimes on his side ,weaving decided that he had ample cover and started to he had erred,for bullets were soon whistling past drooped flat on the dy came to search for him,so he counted up to a hundred and then began crawling moved tortuously and as silently as he could to his camp at the foot of the hill.]

Describe in not more than 80 words what the sentry saw and did from the moment when the strips of metal fell from the sky until he got back to his your own words as far as not include anything that is not in the passage.

ts(Saw and Did)

1)Put out hands;caught strip metal.

2)Saw bundles.

3)Waited.

4)Saw men on ground.

5)One pointed;all marched.

6)Went downhill.

7)Crawled—stomach,side—to stream.

8)Started running.

9)Dropped flat(why?—bullets).

10)Counted 100;crawled.

11)Silently to camp.

h Draft (Linking of Points) （寫得不好的摘要）

When the sentry held out his hand to catch what was falling out of the sky ,he found that it was strips of bundles began coming sentry waited until men appeared on the of them pointed and the sentry saw them march towards the ling on his stomach and on his side,the sentry moved began running when he came to a stream,but dropped down when he was shot at r counting up to a hundred to himself,he began crawling silently again downhill. (95 words)

Copy (Corrected Draft) （寫鍀比較的摘要）

After catching hold of metal strips falling out of the sky,the sentry saw bundles descending and,after a time,some men appeared on the of them pointed and they all began marching towards the sentry crawled downhill on his stomach and on his he came to a stream,he began running but dropped down when the men shot at counted up to a hundred,then silently started crawling again towards his camp. (80 words)