成人英語三級寫作應急方法指導

　　1、試用籠統詞

英語語言中籠統詞有have, take 等，籠統詞的重要特點在於意義廣泛，搭配性強，構成詞組後可以替代眾多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達一個動作，卻能大致表達意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候，用這些籠統詞取代，也能收到異曲同工的效果。

例如：我經歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。

I experienced a terrible hard time.

這一句中，experience被遺忘時，用have代替，成為：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達的意義決不亞於第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如：

Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?

I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.

I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

They occupied the city. = They took the city.

The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.

從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統詞則不然。因此，在作文應試中，籠統詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應急良策。

　　2、聯想有關詞彙

當遺忘產生時，或遇到未曾學過的詞時，應採取放射性思維，發揮想象力，想出一切與之有關的單詞，利用語言的內在聯繫，多層次，多角度地運用語言。一般情況下，聯想可按下列思路進行：1聯想同義詞;2聯想反義詞。

英語語言中眾多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規律，由於某個單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的'情況便不會出現。試看下列句子：

I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.

Nightmare 使用頻率不太高，因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以後者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的意義。再比如：I don‘t understand this word. 也可以説成 I don’t know this word.

另外：

He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.

The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.

They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.

英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯繫的，詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。

同樣，用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的，請看下面的例子：

He is stubborn. = He is not tame.

The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.