英語語法—現在進行時
謂語動詞構成：I am =I’m working , she/he/it is = he’s等 working
, We/you/they are =We’re等working
(1)表示説話時正在進行或發生的動作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m writing a composition.
不要吵鬧,我正在寫作文.
Let’s set off, it isn’t raining now.咱們出發把,現在天不下雨了.
(2)有時通過上下問可以判斷出應採用何種時態
Its four o’clock in the afternoon, the children are playing football on the sports ground.現在是下午4點,孩子們在操場上踢足球.
(3)表示現階段正在進行而説話時不一定在進行的動作
We are working in a factory these days.這幾天我們在一家工廠工作.
They are compiling a dictionary.他們在編一本詞典.
(4)在口語中表示主語計劃將要做的動作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他們將要動身前往紐約.
(5)現在進行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩
He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜歡跟別人吵架.
She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔心着.
The boy is forever asking questions.那個男孩老是提問問題.
(6)有的現在進行時句子和一般現在時同義。用現在進行時表示問者的關切心情
How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？
I am looking forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再來.
Why are you looking so sad? 為什麼你看起來這麼愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？
(7)有的動詞用於現在進行時表示“逐漸”的含義
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學習變得越來越有趣了.
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了.
Wait a moment， I am finishing my supper. 等一會兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了.
(8)“be”動詞的現在進行時。“be”動詞用於現在進行時表示説話者認為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的.
He is being foolish. 他在裝傻.
He is being honest. 他表現得特別老實.
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時他為何如此自私.
英語學習—語法—過去完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they had worked; he/she/it had worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻之前已經完成的動作，常與由by，before引導的時間狀語連用
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上個月底為止我已經學了五千個單詞.
I had finished the composition before supper. 晚飯前我就已經把作文寫完了.
(2)表示過去某一動作之前已經完成的動作，常與由when，before等連詞引導的時間狀語從句連用
When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒來的時候雨就已經停了.
I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我來這兒之前沒學過英語.
(3)用於賓語從句或間接引語中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道誰不經允許就把雨傘拿去.
He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告訴我他已通過考試.
(4)某些動詞的過去完成時表示一個打算要做卻沒有做成的事.
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算來看你，但有人來找，脱不開身.
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我們本來希望乘早班車，卻發現車已開了.
(5)用於表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句中
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天來的話，你就已經見到他的面了.
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是這麼忙的話，她就已經來了.
英語學習—語法—現在完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻發生，且延續到現在的動作或狀態，這種情況常與表示一段的時間狀語連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學英語已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個已經發生且對現在造成影響或結果的動作，這種情況常不與任何時間狀語連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經走了.如果你想見她的.話，你得明天再來一趟.
英語學習—語法—過去進行時
謂語動詞構成：I/he/she/it was working; we/you/they were working
(1)表示過去某一時刻或過去某段時間內正在進行的動作，一般要有表示過去時間的狀語
At that time she was working in Oxford. 那時，她正在牛津大學工作.
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨六點鐘天正下着雨.
What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時你在幹什麼？
(2)可用來表示由過去某時持續到另一時間的過去動作
He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001.
在1999年和2001年那段時間，他在劍橋學習.
From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.
從3月份到4月份期間，我在埃及旅遊.
(3)表示故事發生的背景
It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank. Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...
一個陽光明媚的清晨.河堤上坐着幾個人.有的人在溜狗.不遠處有幾個男童在踢足球...
(4)與某些動詞連用時，代替過去將來時
這類動詞有 come來, go去, leave離開, start開始, stay逗留 等.主語必須是人.
He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.
他打電話給我，説他姨很快就要看我了.
五、現在完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻發生，且延續到現在的動作或狀態，這種情況常與表示一段的時間狀語連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學英語已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個已經發生且對現在造成影響或結果的動作，這種情況常不與任何時間狀語連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來一趟.
英語學習—語法—一般過去時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they worked, he/she/it worked
(1)表示過去某個特定時間發生的動作或存在的狀態
We didn’t have classes last week.上週我們沒有上課.
(2)表示過去的習慣性或經常發生的動作
I went to the cinema once a week when i was at school.
我上學時每週去看一次電影.
When i was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
我在鄉下時經常去河邊散步.
(3)敍述過去連續發生的一件件事
She got up early, fetchet water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.
她早早起牀,提水,打掃房間然後出去散步.
(4)在條件、時間狀語從句中代替過去一般將來時
They side they would let me know as soon as they got there.
他們説只要他們一到達那兒就會馬上讓我知道.
He side he would not go if it rained.他説如果下雨他就不去.
(5)用於虛擬語氣
If only i were a bird.要是我是隻鳥就好了.
英語學習—語法—一般現在時
謂語動詞構成：I /we/you/they work , he/she/it works
(1)表示經常發生或習慣性的動作或狀態
My father always reads newspaper after breakfast.我父親總是在早餐後讀報紙.
We often write to each other.我們時常相互通信.
(2)表示主語現在的性格、特徵和能力
He works hard.他努力工作.
Does he like sports? 他喜歡體育運動嗎?
(3)表示客觀事實或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east.太陽從東方升起.
After summer comes autumn.秋天在夏天之後.
(4)表示按計劃、規定或時間表將要發生的事
He starts next week.他下個星期出發.
The train starts at 10 o’clock in the morning.火車將在早上10點開出.
(5) 用於狀語從句代替一般將來時
I will tell him about it as soon as i see him next Monday.
下個週一我見到他時馬上告訴他.
I will get everything ready before my boss comes back.
我要在老闆回來之前把一切都準備妥當.
(6)有些動詞即使表示現在的動作也不能用現在進行時，也只能用一般現在時
I tell you the truth, i hate to do it.説實話,我討厭那樣做.
I hope the weather would fine.我希望天氣會晴朗.
I am looking into the room, and i see a strange man in it.
我往房間裏看,看到了房間裏一個陌生的男子.
(7)和here、there 連用
Here comes the bus.公共汽車來了.
There goes the bell.鈴聲響了.
(8)一些固定表達發
I promise/ advise / insist/ agree/ refuse/ suggest……
我允諾/建議/強調/同意/拒絕/建議……
(9)描述過去時間的事實。多見於口述或敍述文，以增加生動很真實
He says the river rises higher and higher, breaks the bank and is filling all low place.他説河水越漲越高，漫過河岸，淹沒低窪地.
