考研英語閲讀理解推理引申題解析
引導語：下面是小編整理的關於考研英語閲讀理解推理引申題的解析，希望可以幫助大家更好地學習和複習考研英語。
考研英語閲讀理解六大題型中，推理引申題(推理判斷題)主要考查同學對段落中心的掌握。"吾將上下而求索"，通過對考研英語歷年真題的研究，發現段落中心也有其出現的基本位置及其相應的特點，共分為三種：1.段首句;2.段首段中;3.段落首末句。
一、段首句作為段落論點
段首句作為段落論點，其特點是段首句為論點，後面句子內容為論據，論據用來證明論點，支撐論點。初高中語文閲讀理解及議論文作文的寫作中，同學學到的事實論據，引用名家名言，名人觀點等論據同樣適用於英語議論文。基於考研英語閲讀理解四篇文章都是學術性議論文的特徵，段落裏出現的論據形式通常為數字論據;表示已經存在，已經發生事情的事實論據和引用他人觀點的名家名言論據。段落推斷題的答案選項即為段落中心句的同意替換。
例，And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.(1998，Text 1, para.4)
首句之後，由this week 時間詞引出了斯洛伐克想要派兵爭奪大壩，直至末句説斯洛伐克為證明自己實力，需要佔有大壩。自首句之後，餘下內容一直在論述一個真實存在的事實，屬於事實論據，證明段落首句"控制水仍在繼續"。
段首句作為段落論點的情況最常見，頻率也最高。其特點概括為：段落首句是論點，段落論據是論證，論點論據不可分。
二、段首段中作為段落論點
段落首句是論點，段落中間出現由But,However等轉折詞引導的'句子，兩者結合起來共同作為段落中心論點。轉折句引出的論點通常作為段首首句的補充，擴充，延續説明及重點強調部分，所以做這類推理判斷題，一定要將段首論點和段中轉折提出的論點結合到一起，才能做到對段落中心把握到位，把握精準。
例，The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.(1997，Text 1, para.2)
段首句是論點，因為其後的句子，由r...,結構講述人們對論點持有不同意見，所以，這一法案的重要性還需要時間被理解。段中出現由But引導的轉折句，引出觀點安樂死之潮流不可逆轉，根據段首論點，進一步提出另一個論點。
段首段中作為段落論點的特點為：段落首句是論點，段中轉折是論點，首論中論相輔相成。
三、段落首末句作為段落論點
段落首末句作為段落論點。需要同學注意的是，尋找段落中心位置時的優先順序，首先讀段首句，發現存在證明首句論點的論據時，確定段首是論點。其次，看段中有沒有轉折，如果沒有，再看末句，看是否是首句論點的進一步延伸或補充論點。
例，Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.(2003，Text 1, para.4)
段落首句是論點，反推可知，其後緊跟的句子是喬治説的兩句話，論據為名人觀點，加之論述上週公司情況，這一事實論據。末句引出開放資源存在風險，很難判斷信息的正誤，好壞---這也正是公司安身立命之處。末句根據首句論點"信息的收集與發佈的工具"，進一步提出"判斷這些信息正誤好壞"的論點。
推理引申題的解題，最好是首先依照優先順序找準段落中心句，根據同意替換，選出正確選項，同學們在平時練習中，要有這種意識，有意識地去段落三個基本位置找中心句，選出同意替換句。
