英語六級閲讀中如何推測生詞

在閲讀中，我們往往會遇到一些不認識的單詞或短語，或者認識的單詞在文章中有了新意義。那麼英語六級閲讀中如何推測生詞呢？一起來學習下吧：

1利用上下文

例：

The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.

如不知道vampire的詞義，從下文lives on blood(靠吸血而生存)則可得知其詞義為吸血昆蟲。

例：

The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.

如不知道spectacles的詞義，從下文“戴上‘spectacles’後開始閲讀”可以猜得其詞義“眼鏡”。

　2利用文中的舉例

例：

Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.

如不知道geometric forms的意思，可從文中所列舉的三角形，正方形、圓形來猜得其意義為“幾何圖形”。

Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.

如不知道appliances的意思，從文中的舉例“washing-machines(洗衣機)，refrigerator(冰箱)，televisions(電視機)”可以猜得該詞的'意思為“家用電器”。

　3利用文中説明詞義的同位語或定語等

例：

The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines(潛艇) to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.

句中snorkel一詞的意思，可通過其同位語“a long air tube that reaches up to the surface”來猜得。由此，我們可確定該詞義為“通氣管”。

例：

The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.通過定語從句“which is used to measure electricity”(用來測量電的)，我們可將“multimeter”的詞義確定為“萬用表”。

例：

They will be on the night shift ― from midnight to 6 a. m. ― next week.

由破折號之間的解釋內容，我們可以瞭解到“night shift”意思為“夜班”。

　4利用文章中出現的、與某生詞或詞組意思相反的

例：

American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.

文中be punctual的意思，可理解為“not come late”，即“準時，不遲到”。

例：

Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.

根據文中“unlike……”的意思，可將gregarious理解為與文中“a shy person who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.”相反的意思，即：表示“好交際的”。

　5利用文章中不同的話對同一概念的解釋

例：

Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.

文中“regulate”的詞義可猜測為與“government control”的意思相近。

例：

One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.

文中“predominant”的詞義可猜測為具有與“of greatest importance”相近的意思。

例：

Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.

文中“enormous”的詞義可猜測為與“so large”的意思相近。

　6利用基本的構詞方法

例：

They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.

在overestimate詞中over-是前綴，意為“過分”。因此overestimate的詞義可以猜測為“過高估計”的意思。

例：

We were told that our's was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.

Spacious是由詞根space(空間)+ious(形容詞後綴)構成。由此我們可以猜得其大概意思為“有空間的，寬敞的”。

然而，需要指出的是，不要花費太多的時間去試圖猜出所有生詞確切的意思，因為有的生詞只能猜出大概的意思，有的生詞則根本無法猜出其意思。一般來説，碰到一、兩個不會的詞，無關緊要。重要的是，要弄懂整篇文章表達了什麼思想。