2016年12月英語六級仔細閲讀提升練習題

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Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other, governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending. Increasingly, they are looking to the generic-drugs (普通藥物) industry as a savior. In November Japan's finance ministry issued a report complaining that the country's use of generics was less than a third of that in America or Britain. In the same month Canada's competition watchdog criticized the country's pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings made possible by the use of generic drugs. That greed, it reckoned, costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year.

Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results of its year-long probe into drug giants in the European Union. The report reached a damning~, though provisional, conclusion: the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents. Though this initial report does not carry the force of law (a final report is due early next year), it has caused much controversy. Neelie Kroes, the EU's competition commissioner, says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows.

One strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the "patent duster( 專利羣)". A firm keen to defend its drug due to go off-patent may file dozens or hundreds of new patents, often of dubious merit, to confuse and terrify potential copycats and maintain its monopoly. An unnamed drugs firm once took out 1,300 patents across the EU on a single drug. The report also suggests that out-of-court settlements between makers of patented drags and generics firms may be a strategy used by the former to delay market entry by the latter.

According to EU officials, such misdeeds -have delayed the arrival of generic competition and the accompanying savings. On average, rite report estimates, generics arrived seven months after a patented drug lost its protection, though where the drug was a big seller the lag was four months. The report says taxpayers paid about q 3 billion more than they would have-had the generics gone on sale immediately.

But hang on a minute, Though many of the charges of bad behavior leveled at the patented-drugs industry by EU investigators may well be true, the report seems to let the generics industry off the hook(鈎子) too lightly. After all, if the drugs giants stand accused, in effect, of bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap generics, shouldn't the companies that accepted those "bribes" also share the blame?

56. Why are governments around the world seeking ways to reduce their health-care spending?

A) They consider the generic-drugs industry as a savior.

B) They are under the double pressure of aging group and financial crisis.

C) Health-care spending has accounted too large proportion.

D) Health-care spending has cost taxpayers too much income.

57. What can we learn from the report issued by the European Commission?

A) Drug firm will use just ways to protect their drags.

B) Cheaper generic drugs are easy to enter market,

C) The report has come to an ultimate conclusion.

D) The final report may lead to commissioner's legal action.

58. The investigators seriously condemned the drug firms for__________.

A) they do not let their opponents to resort to the comet

B) they use clusters of patents to protect their products

C) they bribe the cheaper generic opponents

D) trey do not pass on the savings made by use of generic drugs

59. On average, the genetics will be delayed to enter the market by __________.

A) seven months

B) three months

C) four months

D) eleven months

60. Which of the following accords with the author's view?

A) Charges on patented-drug industry are anything but true.

B) Generics industry is a sheer victim in the competition.

C) Only drug giants are to blame.

D) Exclusion of generics industry from taking responsibility is questionable.

　　答案與解析：

56.B)。定位 由題幹中的governments及seeking ways to reduce the health-care spending定位到文章第一段第一句：Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other，governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending.

解 推理判斷題。由定位句可知，各國政府一方面面臨老齡化人羣的健康需求，另一方面受到金融危機的影響，所以都在尋求減少醫療保健開支的途徑，B)符合題意。第一段第二句提到they are looking to the genetic-drugs industry as a savior，但是普通藥物只是各國政府減少開支的一個方法，並不是他們這麼做的.原因，故排除A);C)的説法在文中沒有提及;本段最後一句提到That greed…costs taxpayers nearly C $1 billion a year.這裏是説藥店的貪心導致納税人受損，並不是説保健花費的問題，故排除D)。

57.D)。定位 由題幹中的the report issued by the European Commission定位到文章第二段第一句：Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results...

詳解 事實細節題。定位句提到，11月28日歐洲委員會發布的一個初步調查報告，下文開始對該報告進行描述，由第二段最後一句Neelie Kroes，the EU's competition commissioner，says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows.可推斷如果證據充足，委員們會採取行動，D)符合題意。第二段第二句提到the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents，可見藥物公司使用了不公平的競爭手段，推遲普通藥物的上市，故排除A)、B);該句前半句提到The report reached a damning，though provisional，conclusion…，可見該報告的結論只是暫時的，並不是最終結論(ultimate conclusion)，故排除C)。

58.B)。定位 由題幹中的The investigators seriously condemned the drug firms定位到文章第三段第一句：0ne strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the patent cluster(專利羣)”。

詳解 推理判斷題。由定位句可知，調查員們嚴厲譴責藥品公司是因為其利用“專利羣”這一策略，即為一個產品申請多項專利，B)符合題意。A)的表述在文中並未提及，故排除;最後一段最後一句雖然提到bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap genetics，但是作者沒有説這是研究者們強烈譴責的方法，故排除C);第一段倒數第二句提到Canada’s competition watchdog criticized the country’s pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings。可見這裏受到譴責的是加拿大的藥店，不是所有藥品公司，故排除D)。

59.A)。定位 根據題幹中的on average，the genetics will be delayed定位到文章第四段第二句：0n average，the report estimates，genetics arrived seven months after a patented drug lost its protection，though where the drug Was a big seller the lag Was four months.

詳解 事實細節題。由定位句可知，平均來説，普通藥物要等專利藥物的專利保護失效7個月後才能上市，A)符合題意。B)、D)中的數字文中沒有提及;文中提到了four months，但指的是暢銷藥品被推遲的時間，而不是平均的，故排除C)。

60.D)。定位 根據題幹中的author's view定位到文章最後一段第二句：Though many of the charges of bad behavior leveled at the patented—drugs industry by EU investigators may well be true，the report seems to let the generics industry off the hook(鈎子)too lightly.

詳解 觀點態度題。由定位句可知，作者認為歐盟調查員們對專利藥物行業的控訴是正確的，但不應讓普通製藥行業太輕易地逃脱責任，因為它們有可能接受了專利藥物行業的賄賂，因此作者認為普通藥物行業同樣需對此承擔責任，D)符合題意。由定位句可知，作者同意調查員們對專利藥物行業的看法，A)中的anything but true的説法太絕對，故排除;作者認為普通藥物行業也應該承擔責任，可見它並不完全是個受害者，也不應該僅僅譴責製藥大亨，故排除B)、C)。